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CVS Health, the nation’s largest drugstore chain, will move away from the complex formulas used to set the prices of the prescription drugs it sells, shifting to a simpler model that could upend how American pharmacies are paid. Under the plan, CVS’s roughly 9,500 retail pharmacies will get reimbursed by pharmacy-benefit managers and other payers based on the amount that CVS paid for the drugs, in addition to a limited markup and a flat fee to cover the services involved in handling and dispensing the prescriptions. Today, pharmacies are generally paid using complex measures that aren’t directly based on what they spent to purchase specific drugs. (Mathews, 12/5)

Food and Drug Administration inspections of drug manufacturing facilities in the U.S. and abroad dropped well below pre-pandemic levels between 2020 and 2022, according to a new study in Health Affairs. The findings are further evidence of a fragile global drug supply chain at a time when some critical medicines are in short supply. Some of the squeeze was due to inspections that took overseas facilities offline because of safety concerns. (Reed, 12/5)

Republicans on a House oversight panel will investigate the Food and Drug Administration's handling of a common decongestant ingredient that the agency recently concluded was ineffective, the committee told Axios first. The inquiry, the latest in an aggressive investigative agenda by House Republicans, seeks to understand why the FDA didn't take earlier action against a wide range of over-the-counter cough and cold drugs that accounted for nearly $1.8 billion in sales last year. (Reed, 12/4)

President Biden’s new plan to curb drug shortages by boosting domestic drug production won’t expand the supply of the chemotherapies that are currently in shortage, an administration official confirmed. The limited scope surprised experts, who told STAT Biden could have included those drugs in the effort. (Wilkerson, 12/5)

One morning in October, US Army Colonel Victor Suarez finished his usual morning workout — a 32-mile bike ride — and then sat down in his home office in Frederick, Maryland. When he opened his email, his stomach dropped. Suarez spent his career getting medicines to military hospitals and combat troops, including those in Iraq and Afghanistan. He had recently sought out an independent lab to assess the quality of those drugs, in large part because he doubted the US Food and Drug Administration’s ability to police a supply chain now dominated by low-cost manufacturers in India and China. His inbox offered a glimpse of the first batch of test results. (Edney and Griffin, 12/5)

The Food and Drug Administration needs dozens more reviewers if it wants its so-called Operation Warp Speed for rare disease therapies to take off, the agency’s biologics chief said Monday. (Owermohle, 12/4)

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services outlined its plans to get Medicaid redeterminations disenrollments under control in an interim final rule published Monday. States that fail to comply with federal Medicaid policies as they review their benefit rolls for ineligible enrollees risk reduced federal funding under the regulation, which comes after 11.8 million Medicaid beneficiaries have been removed from the program since April, according to CMS data compiled by �鶹Ů��. (Bennett, 12/4)

Louisiana removed 197,000 people from its Medicaid rolls over a five-month period from June to October, as it complies with renewed federal standards for the government-backed insurance. About a quarter of the people dropped, or 47,000, are children. Two-thirds of the individuals cut have lost their health insurance for “procedural reasons,” including not filling out the appropriate paperwork. (O'Donoghue, 12/4)

Dane County plans to stop making unmarried fathers pay back the state Medicaid program for birth costs of their children in cases before 2020, a step the county took that year with new cases. Milwaukee County said last month it will end new birth cost recovery actions, another move to curtail a practice opponents say contributes to poor birth outcomes by requiring pregnant women to disclose the fathers of their children or lose Medicaid coverage after the babies are born. (Wahlberg, 12/4)

You may not have heard of Kody Kinsley, the secretary of North Carolina's Department of Health and Human Services, but you oughta know him. Driving the news: Leaders throughout the state and country celebrated on Friday when the long-awaited expansion of Medicaid became a reality, extending coverage to 300,000 of the state's poorest residents immediately and eventually as many as 600,000. (Sherman, 12/4)

The patients flocked to metro Denver methadone clinics in mid to late summer, five or six to a car. Most were users of illicit opioids, including fentanyl. Many were homeless. And all were from Pueblo or other parts of southern Colorado, driven up Interstate 25 by independent transportation contractors who suddenly had flooded the state’s Medicaid system.As clinics scrambled to process the patients, they thought it was odd so many were coming from outside of metro Denver — especially while clinics were open and waiting in southern Colorado, some recalled later to The Denver Post. Providers at the methadone facilities, which are tightly regulated and highly stigmatized, made note of the vehicles dropping off these new patients: new SUVs with temporary tags, driven by men who often spoke accented English and who all had enrolled in a lucrative program that paid them to drive patients to the doctor. (Klamann, 12/2)

�鶹Ů�� Health News: California’s Ambitious Medicaid Experiment Gets Tripped Up In Implementation 

Nearly two years into Gov. Gavin Newsom’s $12 billion experiment to transform California’s Medicaid program into a social services provider for the state’s most vulnerable residents, the institutions tasked with providing the new services aren’t effectively doing so, according to a survey released Tuesday. As part of the ambitious five-year initiative, called CalAIM, the state is supposed to offer the sickest and costliest patients a personal care manager and new services ranging from home-delivered healthy meals to help paying rental security deposits. (Hart, 12/5)

President Joe Biden’s high-profile plan to improve nursing home quality by setting staffing minimums has attracted intense resistance and lukewarm support, regulatory comments and public statements reveal. The nursing home industry strenuously opposes the policy, which the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services proposed Sept. 1. And as a growing number of congressional Republicans have spoken against it, Biden and CMS have gotten little support, and even resistance, from a cadre of Democrats and patient advocates. (Bennett, 12/4)

The Supreme Court on Monday seemed torn about both the merits and the legality of a proposed Purdue Pharma bankruptcy plan that would allocate billions of dollars to help ease the nation’s opioid crisis, but also shield the family that owns the company from future lawsuits. Justices across the ideological spectrum asked tough questions of lawyers from the Justice Department, which opposes the plan, and attorneys for Purdue and the vast number of parties that agreed to the deal — seeing it as the best hope of ending years of legal disputes and recovering at least a portion of their claims against Purdue and its owners, the Sackler family. (Barnes and Ovalle, 12/4)

Questions from the justices reflected why the deal has drawn intense criticism in a dispute that pits money against principle. Under debate was the practical effect of unraveling the agreement, painstakingly negotiated for years for victims and families who have urgently sought settlement funds, and broader concerns over whether releasing the Sacklers from liability would free them from further scrutiny over their role in the opioid crisis. A decision in the case could also have consequences for similar agreements resolved through the bankruptcy system that have been structured to insulate a third party from liability. (VanSickle, 12/4)

“I don’t feel like [the Sacklers] deserve to be protected, but I hate to see families and the communities wait forever for a settlement,” said Heather Mick-Carito of Boston, who lost her son to an overdose in 2016. “This case could drag on and people are dying waiting for the money.” ... “Why should they get the discharge that usually goes to a bankrupt person once they’ve put all their assets on the table, without having put all their assets on the table?” Justice Elena Kagan asked. (Serres, 12/4)

The Senate health care committee will consider a sweeping bill next week meant to combat the opioid epidemic, according to four lobbyists and a congressional aide familiar with the legislation. The proposal would reauthorize a number of programs first created by the SUPPORT Act, an addiction-focused bill that Congress first passed in 2018. Many of those programs’ authorizations expired earlier this year, however, leading addiction treatment advocates to fret that lawmakers — and specifically the committee’s chairman, Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) — no longer view the issue as a priority. (Facher and Cohrs, 12/4)

Thousands of lives could have been saved if the Food and Drug Administration and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention approved COVID-19 boosters sooner, along with stronger public health messaging, according to a new study. The Northwestern University study used Israel as a counterfactual or a "what if" scenario to see the possible outcomes that could have happened in the United States. (Price, 12/4)

The U.S. is heading into peak respiratory virus season, and some of the most vulnerable Americans are unprotected against COVID-19.   Only 27 percent of nursing home residents and just 6 percent of staff have been vaccinated since the updated version of the shot became available in September, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (Weixel, 12/5)

COVID-19 vaccination rates among Iowa's nursing homes are significantly lagging this year, highlighting the toll that vaccine fatigue is taking on front-line health care workers as the respiratory virus season nears. Only 8% of nursing home staff statewide are up to date on their coronavirus shots as of Nov. 26, the latest data available from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. And only 45% of Iowa's nursing home residents are up to date on COVID-19 vaccines, according to the CDC. While that's better than the national average of 27%, it still trails rates from previous years. (Ramm, 12/5)

Generic drugmaker Emcure Pharmaceuticals convinced a federal court in Seattle, Washington, on Monday to throw out a lawsuit that accused it of stealing trade secrets from biopharma company HDT Bio to develop a COVID-19 vaccine. A sealed entry in the court's docket said that U.S. District Judge James Robart dismissed the case without prejudice, which means it can be refiled. India-based Emcure had argued that the court lacked jurisdiction over the company. (Brittain, 12/4)

Here are two things that are true. The world needs more effective flu vaccines. And pharmaceutical companies that learned of the vaccine-making power of the messenger RNA platform during the Covid-19 pandemic need new markets for their technology. (Branswell, 12/5)

Respiratory virus season is ramping up in California, prompting health officials to renew their calls for residents to get vaccinated in hopes of reducing potential pressure on health systems across the state. While conditions so far are nowhere near as daunting as last autumn — when hospitals labored under the strain of a “tripledemic” spawned by wide simultaneous circulation of COVID-19, flu and respiratory syncytial virus — the transmittable trio is on the rise. (Lin II, 12/5)

Researchers in China report thinning of the gray matter and other changes in certain parts of the brain in 61 men after COVID-19 Omicron infection. For the study, published late last week in JAMA Network Open, the researchers evaluated 61 men before and after infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in January 2023. The men had been part of a larger cohort who had undergone magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neuropsychiatric screenings before infection in August and September 2022. Average age was 43 years. (Van Beuskom, 12/4)

An Arizona Supreme Court judge who once accused Planned Parenthood of committing genocide has agreed to recuse himself from a case involving the organization that will determine the future legality of abortion in the state. (Gomez and Mirror, 12/4)

Arizona’s Senate race may be the next contest for Democrats where abortion plays a decisive role. As the party looks to hold onto its slim majority in the upper chamber, it is leaning into an abortion rights platform, which helped it score numerous victories over the past year in red and purple states. Rep. Ruben Gallego (D-Ariz.), who’s running for Sen. Kyrsten Sinema’s (I-Ariz.) seat, is already targeting Republican candidate Kari Lake’s past comments on the issue. The contest comes amid a larger fight over the issue in the Grand Canyon State, as abortion rights advocates are looking to secure a ballot measure enshrining abortion rights in the state constitution. (Vakil, 12/4)

Planned Parenthood filed a formal complaint against the city of Fontana for allegedly blocking abortion access, which recently became a right protected by the California Constitution. "We did not want to be among the first organizations to file a lawsuit alleging violation of Californians' constitutional rights under Proposition 1," regional president Jon Dunn said. "However, we have chosen to defend the rights of our community members against the city of Fontana, due to their deliberate actions to actively deny their community access to healthcare services." (Rodriguez, 12/4)

A federal judge in Ohio has denied a group of anti-abortion advocates the ability to weigh in on long-running litigation over abortion clinic transfer agreements, as he assesses the impacts on the case of an abortion-rights amendment approved by voters this fall. In a brief order issued Monday, U.S. District Judge Michael R. Barrett said he rejected the advocates’ request to file a friend of the court brief because they “will not be of assistance in resolving or clarifying a question of law.” (Smyth, 12/4)

Democrats in the General Assembly are poised to take their first step toward enshrining a right to abortion in the state constitution. What's happening: When lawmakers convene next month, they'll consider a constitutional amendment establishing a "fundamental right to reproductive freedom." Yes, but: There's ongoing debate about what it would actually do if passed. (Oliver, 12/5)

This fall, access to women’s health care in Jackson got a jolt. Three-decade institution, the Women’s Health and Family Care clinic, announced it’s closing later this month, citing rising costs as the region experiences a crisis of affordability. It’s the second women’s health center to close this year in Jackson, leaving just one major OB/GYN clinic left in town. Some doctors say they plan to resume services in the new year, but it leaves a gap — especially since the Women’s Health and Family Care clinic was also the only abortion provider for a large swath of the Mountain West. (Merzbach, 12/4)

Hadley Duvall’s ad about abortion rights helped Kentucky Gov. Andy Beshear win reelection — and she’s ready to campaign again in 2024. (Kitchener, 12/4)

A federal law, known as the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA), requires hospitals that accept Medicare funds to provide “such treatment as may be required to stabilize the medical condition” of “any individual” who arrives at the hospital’s ER with an “emergency medical condition.” ... Now we’re about to find out whether the Supreme Court will follow the text of EMTALA, in a pair of cases known as Idaho v. United States and Moyle v. United States. (Millhiser, 12/4)

The concept of fetal surgery captures the imagination when, from time to time, it makes the headlines. Few pregnant mothers will need the assistance of fetal medicine specialists; fewer still will need a fetal surgeon to save their children. But it can offer parents-to-be a sense of hope: In the appropriate circumstances, doctors may be able to help before the child is even born. Now, anti-abortion laws intended to protect the unborn may do the exact opposite by threatening this already-challenging field. (Francois I. Luks, Tippi Mackenzie and Thomas F. Tracy Jr., 12/5)

As attempts to restrict or outlaw abortion have failed after Roe v. Wade was overturned, Republicans increasingly favor a national policy, the 2023 American Family Survey shows. (Graham, 12/5)

Hackers, using old passwords from customers of the genetic testing company 23andMe, were able to gain access to personal information from about 6.9 million profiles, which in some cases included ancestry trees, birth years and geographic locations, the company said on Monday. In October, a hacker posted a claim online that they had 23andMe users’ profile information, the company wrote in a Securities and Exchange Commission disclosure on Friday. (Carballo, 12/4)

The U.S. Department of Justice on Monday urged a federal appeals court in Boston to break new ground by holding that a defendant's conviction outlasts his death and does not get wiped away just because he died before his appeal could be heard, in a case involving a former biotech chief executive's securities fraud conviction. Prosecutors in making that argument to the 1st U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals acknowledged that every other federal appeals court would under their precedents vacate former PixarBio Corp CEO Frank Reynolds' conviction following his 2022 death. (Raymond, 12/4)

The Iowa Supreme Court was supposed to hear oral arguments next week in the appeal of a record-setting $76 million medical malpractice judgment against an obstetrics and gynecology clinic accused of causing an infant’s severe brain injuries. That appeal is now stayed amid a blitz of accusations and counterattacks, in both state and federal court, by the medical clinic and the company that provided its malpractice insurance. A case that began as a dispute over the tragic consequences of one infant’s birth has transformed into a high-stakes examination of an alleged conflict between the interests of a policyholder that allegedly wanted to settle and avoid trial and an insurance company that was dedicated to changing malpractice law. (Frankel, 12/4)

Until last week, the Department of Health and Human Services was facing a lawsuit from two people who said the state had put them at severe risk of entering a nursing home by providing them less in-home care than it had deemed necessary. In one case, a 38-year-old woman with disabilities was receiving only a “small portion” of the 68 hours of weekly care the state had allotted her, according to the lawsuit. A federal judge has certified the case as a class-action lawsuit, pointing to evidence that there could be dozens, even hundreds of people who face the same risk of being institutionalized for the same reasons. (Timmins, 12/4)

An Orange County plastic surgeon who dubbed himself “Dr. Laguna” is under fire from dozens of former patients and the Orange County District Attorney’s Office amid claims of horribly botched procedures, medical negligence and a brief suspension of his medical license following the death of a patient. The chief of the plastic surgery department at a south Orange County hospital calls Dr. Arian Mowlavi “a danger to the community.” (Emery, 12/4)

Attorneys representing people who say they weren’t properly warned about harsh side effects associated with blockbuster weight loss drugs such as Ozempic and Wegovy are pushing to centralize the lawsuits in a Louisiana federal court, filings show. About 20 lawsuits over the drugs, known as GLP-1 receptor agonists, have been filed since August against pharmaceutical companies Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly, court records show. Attorneys from Morgan & Morgan, which has brought nine of the lawsuits, filed a motion on Friday asking the U.S. Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation (JPML) to consolidate the litigation over the drugs in the Western District of Louisiana. (Jones, 12/4)

With Bayer facing investor pressure to resolve thousands of lawsuits over its Roundup weedkiller after being hit with $2 billion in verdicts in recent weeks, all eyes are on a trial wrapping up in Philadelphia. Plaintiffs have won the last four trials over their claims that the product causes cancer, each time securing a larger verdict. Those losses ended a nine-trial winning streak for Bayer, shattering investor and company hopes that the worst of the Roundup litigation was over. (Pierson, 12/5)

�鶹Ů�� Health News and CBS News: Patients Expected Profemur Artificial Hips To Last. Then They Snapped In Half. 

Bradley Little, a physical education teacher in Arizona, was leading his class through a school hallway in 2017 when he collapsed. Little feared he was having a stroke. Or, in a sign of the times, that he’d been shot. He tried to stand, but his leg wouldn’t move. A student ran for help. Firefighters arrived and hoisted Little onto a gurney. At the hospital, an X-ray revealed that the artificial hip implant in Little’s right leg had “suddenly and catastrophically structurally failed,” according to a lawsuit Little would later file in federal court. The implant severed at its “neck” — a 2-inch-long titanium part linking Little’s thigh to his torso. (Kelman and Werner, 12/5)

Panera Bread’s highly caffeinated Charged Lemonade is now blamed for a second death, according to a lawsuit filed Monday. Dennis Brown, of Fleming Island, Florida, drank three Charged Lemonades from a local Panera on Oct. 9 and then suffered a fatal cardiac arrest on his way home, the suit says. Brown, 46, had an unspecified chromosomal deficiency disorder, a developmental delay and a mild intellectual disability. (Chuck, 12/5)

Traumatic brain injuries have left more than five million Americans permanently disabled. They have trouble focusing on even simple tasks and often have to quit jobs or drop out of school. A study published on Monday has offered them a glimpse of hope. Five people with moderate to severe brain injuries had electrodes implanted in their heads. As the electrodes stimulated their brains, their performance on cognitive tests improved. (Zimmer, 12/4)

Reducing salt consumption by just one teaspoon a day could lower your blood pressure as much as hypertension medication, according to research presented at the American Heart Association’s recent Scientific Sessions and published in JAMA. (Searing, 12/4)

A personalized coaching approach could help prevent Alzheimer's in people at risk of developing the disease. A team at the University of California, San Francisco recruited 172 adults between the ages of 70 and 89 with at least two dementia risk factors ... The researchers say this personalized approach could help improve mental function and help prevent the mental decline associated with Alzheimer's disease. (Marshall, 12/4)

A novel treatment could one day replace the "dreaded" root canal. Dental pulp is the tissue inside a tooth that can become inflamed and infected after injury or from cavities. ADA Forsyth scientists are studying the use of a molecule called Resolvin E1 that is produced by the body and has been shown to control excess inflammation. ... Not only could this treatment one day replace root canals, but it could also potentially be used to grow bones and other tissues in various parts of the body. (Marshall, 12/4)

A study conducted in Japan suggests there's more to sushi than just a healthy dose of fish and seaweed. Researchers at Tohoku University found that wasabi, that spicy green condiment traditionally dabbed on the raw fish dish, improves both short- and long-term memory. Rui Nouchi, the study's lead researcher and an associate professor at the school's Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, told CBS News the results, while based on a limited sample of subjects without preexisting health conditions, exceeded their expectations. (Craft, 12/4)

�鶹Ů�� Health News: Many People Of Color Worry Good Health Care Is Tied To Their Appearance

Many people from racial and ethnic minority groups brace themselves for insults and judgments before medical appointments, according to a new survey of patients that reaffirms the prevalence of racial discrimination in the U.S. health system. The �鶹Ů�� survey of nearly 6,300 patients who have had care in the past three years found that about 55% of Black adults feel they have to be very careful about their appearance to be treated fairly by doctors and other health providers. Nearly half of American Indian, Alaska Native, and Hispanic patients feel similarly, as do about 4 in 10 Asian patients. (DeGuzman, 12/5)

A Philadelphia nonprofit argued in federal court on Monday that it has a religious right to open a place for people to consume illicit drugs under medical supervision in order to save lives amid a devastating overdose crisis. Safehouse, whose board members include faith leaders from around Philadelphia, argues that the federal government is infringing upon members’ religious beliefs by barring them from opening a supervised drug-consumption site. (Whelan, 12/4)

Mountainside Medical Center in Montclair, N.J., and Pascack Valley Medical Center in Westwood, N.J., are no longer refusing ambulances after a cyberattack on Ardent Health Services caused the hospitals to divert them, patch.com reported Dec. 4. On Dec. 4, a spokesperson from Edison, N.J.-based Hackensack Meridian Health, the operator of both hospitals, told the news outlet that Mountainside Medical Center and Pascack Valley Medical Center have ended their diversion status. (Diaz, 12/4)

Alvin Community College’s licensed vocational nursing program was ranked No. 1 in the state by PracticalNursing.org. The organization, which provides resources for nursing students, recently released their list of Best LVN Programs in Texas. The school was joined by several other Houston area colleges that made the list of top programs, including Brazosport College in Lake Jackson which ranked No. 7, San Jacinto College-North in Houston at No. 15, Lone Star College in Cypress at No. 17, and Texas Health School in Houston at No. 30. (Bhakta, 12/4)

Lawmakers in the Ohio Senate want to eliminate growing marijuana at home, increase the tax rate and change who gets the money from the state's new legal marijuana program, according to changes announced Monday. The overhaul, which was added to an unrelated liquor bill Monday, comes after Ohio voters approved legal marijuana in a 57-43% vote last month. The Ohio Senate plans to vote on the new House Bill 86 on Wednesday. (Balmert, 12/4)

Noelis Guaregua, who is eight months pregnant, wasn’t receiving prenatal care at the city-run migrant shelter where she’s staying, so she set out on a mile-long walk in freezing temperatures to a police station where she’d heard she could find food and medicine. Originally from Anzoágueti, Venezuela, the 31-year-old had traveled for over two months with her family to get to the United States. She arrived at the city’s shelter on the Lower West Side last Tuesday. (Salzman, 12/4)

US authorities are working to contain a campaign by Iranian hackers against multiple drinking water and sewage systems around the country. “We are aware of active targeting by these actors and exploitation,” Eric Goldstein, executive assistant director for cybersecurity at the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, told reporters in a call on Monday. A “small number” of water utilities have been compromised, he said, and he urged operators to bolster security. (Manson, 12/4)

The United Arab Emirates and several charities at the U.N. climate summit on Sunday offered $777 million in financing for eradicating neglected tropical diseases that are expected to worsen as temperatures climb. Climate-related factors "have become one of the greatest threats to human health in the 21st century", COP28 President Sultan Ahmed Al-Jaber said in a statement. (Dickie, Piper and Cornwell, 12/5)

During its 20-year armed campaign, the Taliban repeatedly banned door-to-door immunization campaigns, helping to make Afghanistan one of only two countries where naturally acquired poliovirus is still endemic. Two years after the Taliban took power, however, it has done an about-face, and its unexpected efforts may now represent the best shot in two decades at eradicating the highly transmissible, crippling children’s disease in Afghanistan. (Noack, 12/5)

Vaccines and treatments that could help tackle an mpox epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congo are lying unused outside the country despite a death rate far higher than from the global outbreak that began last year. Stigma, regulatory hurdles and competing disease outbreaks are all factors holding back the response, according to almost a dozen scientists, public health officials and drugmakers involved. (Rigby, 12/5)

The French parliament is considering a ban on single-use, disposable electronic cigarettes that are popular with teenagers for their sweet flavors and are under scrutiny as a new source of trash. The ban, supported Prime Minister Elisabeth Borne and Health Minister Aurelien Rousseau, aims to protect the health of youths and mitigate the environmental impacts of the increasingly popular disposable products known as “puffs.” (12/4)

This week, the F.D.A. is likely to approve the first gene therapy for sickle cell disease, a painful, life-shortening illness that affects around 100,000 Americans, most of them Black. (Daniela J. Lamas, 12/5)

Since the start of the pandemic, it has been obvious that nursing home residents are especially vulnerable to covid-19. Though less than 1 percent of Americans live in long-term-care facilities, more than 1 in 5 deaths from covid have happened in that setting. (Leana S. Wen, 12/5)

National Influenza Vaccine Week — Dec. 4 to 8 — serves as a reminder to make sure your seasonal vaccines are up to date, especially for flu and COVID-19. (William Barson, Megan Buller, Mark Herbert and Susan L. Koletar, 12/4)

“The courts regularly order people to drug treatment as a condition of probation, but also to be drug-free, and then, if they relapse, incarcerate them as punishment for violating the drug-free condition,” explained attorney Lisa Newman-Polk. “Sometimes judges use their discretion and choose not to incarcerate a person for a relapse, but the threat of incarceration is always there, which is extremely damaging for people who struggle with addiction.” (12/3)

Alcohol encourages people to engage in behaviors they would typically suppress, such as aggression, because it impacts the part of the brain that controls impulses and urges. The use of alcohol also interrupts cognitive processing, making it difficult to problem-solve, control anger and make good decisions — this is called cognitive functional impairment. (Courtney Messina, 12/4)