Caitlin Hillyard, Author at Â鶹ŮÓÅ Health News Wed, 04 Sep 2019 18:00:03 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.8.5 /wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/04/kffhealthnews-icon.png?w=32 Caitlin Hillyard, Author at Â鶹ŮÓÅ Health News 32 32 161476233 Pesadilla por acariciar a un gato: infecciones, rabia… y cuentas sorpresa /news/pesadilla-por-acariciar-a-un-gato-infecciones-rabia-y-cuentas-sorpresa/ Tue, 20 Aug 2019 10:14:57 +0000 https://khn.org/?p=992247 Estaba acariciando a un gato color naranja, de pelaje atigrado, en mi vecindario de Falls Church, Virginia, al que nunca había visto antes. Era muy lindo. Y ronroneaba, apoyando su cabecita contra mi mano. Hasta que dejo de ser agradable.

El gato hincó los dientes en mi muñeca, me gruñó y salió corriendo. Así comenzó mi episodio personal de Law & Order: Feline Victims Unit, un show completo con fotos de gatos “buscados” y controles semanales de funcionarios locales de control de animales y de salud pública. Y vacunas contra la rabia. Múltiples vacunas contra la rabia en la sala de emergencias. Y más de $26,000 en costos de atención médica, una cantidad alarmante teniendo en cuenta que estaba perfectamente saludable durante toda la pesadilla.

Lo que aprendí, además de los datos fascinantes sobre la rabia, su transmisión y las horribles formas en que uno puede morir por culpa de ella, es que cualquiera de nosotros está a un simple rasguño del peligro financiero, si no tenemos la suerte de tener un buen seguro de salud. Nuestro confuso sistema de atención médica hace que sea demasiado fácil para una persona que debe recibir atención médica posponerla o evitarla, incluso cuando esa decisión pudiera ser fatal.

Después del encuentro con el gato, fui a una clínica cercana de urgencias, donde una enfermera me entregó un formulario para completar, que la ciudad usa para rastrear las mordeduras de animales. Envió el formulario por fax al departamento de salud y un oficial de policía me visitó tan pronto como regresé a casa.

Me preguntaron: “¿Conoces al gato?” Después de investigar un poco en el grupo de Facebook de mi vecindario, empecé a sospechar a quién pertenecía. Pero no estaba ciento por ciento segura.

Es por eso que tres días después de la mordedura estaba en la sala de espera de la sala de emergencias. Cuando un animal muerde a alguien, el procedimiento es ponerlo en cuarentena durante 10 días. Si el animal no desarrolla síntomas de rabia durante ese tiempo, es seguro decir que la víctima humana tampoco desarrollará la enfermedad.

Pero si no se puede identificar o capturar al animal, la recomendación es comenzar el tratamiento preventivo posterior a la supuesta exposición a la rabia. Iba a necesitar una inyección única de inmunoglobulina humana contra la rabia y luego cuatro inyecciones de la vacuna, administradas a lo largo de dos semanas.

Se estima que entre 40,000 y 50,000 personas reciben estos tratamientos cada año después de la exposición a animales potencialmente rabiosos, según los Centros para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC).

Pensé en arriesgarme y omitir el tratamiento. Las probabilidades de que el gato que me mordió tuviera rabia eran, supongo, casi nulas. Probablemente era la mascota de alguien y no parecía tener ningún síntoma. Pero la rabia es fatal. Esa era la frase que mi médico, el oficial de control de animales, mis amigos y los funcionarios de salud pública seguían repitiendo. Una pequeña posibilidad no es lo mismo que ninguna.

Traté de ser una consumidora de atención médica responsable e investigar opciones. La sala de emergencias es el único lugar que puede administrar inmunoglobulina, por lo que sabía que esa era mi primera parada. Pero esperaba ir a otro lugar para las próximas tres citas, donde recibiría la vacuna contra la rabia.

Me senté, teléfono en mano, con los agentes de mi aseguradora, mientras intentaban encontrar un proveedor dentro de la red que almacenara la vacuna contra la rabia. No encontraron a nadie. Mi médico de atención primaria me dijo que las personas generalmente terminaban recibiendo las dosis de seguimiento en la sala de emergencias. El personal de la clínica de urgencias me dijo que no tenían la vacuna en stock, pero que podrían haberla pedido con anticipación si hubieran sabido que la necesitarían. Como no había previsto que un gato me mordiera, fui descuidada y no llamé con anticipación.

El personal de la sala de emergencias me dijo que las clínicas especializadas en viajeros pueden administrar la vacuna, pero el procedimiento generalmente no está cubierto por el seguro. Además, para cumplir con el estricto calendario de vacunación, necesitaba un lugar abierto un domingo, que no pude encontrar.

El Departamento de Salud Pública del condado de Fairfax, Virginia, dijo que el condado no administra vacunas contra la rabia en sus clínicas. Dos clínicas de urgencias me dijeron que tampoco podían proporcionar la vacuna, a pesar que una de esas clínicas está en el mismo campus que la sala de emergencias.

Lo que me dejó en el mismo lugar en donde comencé.

Aunque mi seguro se hizo cargo de la cuenta completa para esa primera visita a la sala de emergencias, la factura del hospital llegó a $17,294.17. Mi proveedor de seguros negoció esa cuenta hasta reducirla a $898, y la pagó.

Para las siguientes tres visitas, me administraron dosis de , producidas por GlaxoSmithKline. Aunque recibí el mismo tratamiento en cada una de estas visitas, el hospital facturó a mi seguro montos ligeramente diferentes cada vez: $2,810.96, $2,692.86 y $2,084.36. (Si hubiera podido comprarlas en una farmacia, me hubieran costado alrededor de ).

La rabia no es la única complicación posible de una mordedura de gato. Muchas se infectan, por eso me fui de la urgencia con un suministro de amoxicilina, un antibiótico para 10 días. Según la policía, el gato que me mordió es un delincuente reincidente. Hace poco, una vecina desarrolló una infección desagradable después de una mordedura de un gato atigrado color naranja grande (nadie pudo confirmar si era el mismo gato) y desde entonces ha necesitado cirugía. También se sometió al tratamiento contra la rabia.

Tuve la suerte de no sufrir una infección, pero mi compañía de seguros tuvo que pagar una factura final: $206 para ver a mi médico de cabecera después que desarrollé una erupción cutánea, probablemente por el antibiótico. Haciendo cuentas, eso eleva el total a $26,229.35.

Tenía la esperanza de donar mi sangre, ahora rica en anticuerpos contra la rabia, para que la utilizaran para crear más inmunoglobulina para futuras víctimas de mordeduras. Desafortunadamente, mi nivel de inmunidad no es lo suficientemente alto. La mayoría de las personas que donan su plasma para este propósito se han sometido a la vacuna contra la rabia muchas veces.

Un trabajador de salud pública dijo que recomendó la donación de plasma a un conocido suyo que estudia a murciélagos en peligro de extinción, una carrera que nunca hubiera elegido. De hecho, si cualquier animal salvaje me muerde en el futuro, aún tendré que regresar a la sala de emergencias para dos rondas más de vacunas.

Por lo tanto, dejo atrás esta experiencia con un aumento moderado de la inmunidad, poca comprensión de cómo se calculan las facturas médicas y un nuevo miedo a los gatos que andan sueltos. Pero también con un aprecio renovado por los trabajadores de salud pública.

En cuanto al gato, la policía me dijo que fue puesto bajo arresto domiciliario.

Â鶹ŮÓÅ Health News is a national newsroom that produces in-depth journalism about health issues and is one of the core operating programs at Â鶹ŮÓÅ—an independent source of health policy research, polling, and journalism. Learn more about .

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A Brush With A Notorious Cat, My Rabies Education And The Big Bill That Followed /news/a-brush-with-a-notorious-cat-my-rabies-education-and-the-big-bill-that-followed/ Tue, 20 Aug 2019 09:00:05 +0000 https://khn.org/?p=984588 I was just petting an orange tabby cat in my Falls Church, Va., neighborhood, a cat I’d never met before. He was very cute. And he was purring and butting his head against my hand. Until he wasn’t.

He sunk his teeth into my wrist, hissed at me and ran off. So began my personal episode of Law & Order: Feline Victims Unit, complete with cat mug shots and weekly check-ins from local animal control and public health officials. And rabies shots. Multiple rabies shots in the emergency room. And more than $26,000 in health care costs, an alarming amount considering I was perfectly healthy throughout the whole ordeal.

What I learned, besides fascinating facts about rabies, its transmission and the horrible ways one can die from it, was that any one of us is a mere cat scratch away from financial peril if we aren’t lucky enough to have good health insurance. Our confusing health care system makes it too easy for a person who should get medical care to postpone it or avoid it — even when that decision could be fatal.

After the encounter with the cat, I headed to a nearby storefront urgent care clinic, where a nurse handed me a form to fill out, which the city uses to track animal bites. She faxed the form to the health department and a police officer visited me as soon as I returned home.

I was asked: “Do you know the cat?” After some sleuthing in my neighborhood Facebook group, I developed a suspicion about whom he belongs to. But I couldn’t be 100% positive.

Which is why three days after the bite I was in the waiting room in the emergency room. When an animal bites someone, the procedure is to quarantine it for 10 days. If the animal doesn’t develop rabies symptoms during that time, it’s safe to say the bite victim won’t develop the disease either.

But if the animal can’t be identified or captured, the recommendation is to begin post-exposure preventive treatment for rabies. I’d need a one-time injection of human rabies immune globulin and then four injections of the rabies vaccine over two weeks.

An estimated 40,000 to 50,000 people get such treatments each year following exposure to potentially rabid animals, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

I did consider taking my chances and skipping treatment. The odds the cat that bit me was rabid were, I’d guess, almost zero. He was probably someone’s pet and didn’t appear to have any symptoms. But rabies is fatal. That was the line my doctor, the animal control officer, my friends and public health officials kept repeating. A small chance is not the same as no chance.

I tried to be a responsible health care consumer and research cost-effective options. The ER is the only place that can administer immune globulin, so I knew that was my first stop. But I hoped to go elsewhere for the next three appointments, where I would receive the rabies vaccine.

I sat on the phone with insurance company agents while they tried to find an in-network provider that stocked the rabies vaccine. They found nothing. My primary care doctor told me people generally ended up doing the follow-up doses in the ER. The urgent care clinic staff told me they didn’t keep the vaccine in stock but could have ordered it ahead of time if they had known I would need it. Since I hadn’t anticipated being bitten by a cat, I neglected to call ahead.

The staff at the ER told me that specialized clinics for travelers can administer the vaccine, but the procedure is not generally covered by insurance. Also, to adhere to the strict vaccination schedule, I needed a location with Sunday hours, which I was unable to find.

The Fairfax County, Va., public health department said the county does not administer rabies vaccines at its clinics. Two hospital urgent care clinics also told me they couldn’t provide the vaccine, even though one of those clinics is on the same campus as the ER.

Which left me back where I started.

Although my insurance picked up the full tab for that first emergency room visit, the hospital bill came to $17,294.17. My insurance provider negotiated that bill down to $898 and paid it.

For the next three visits, I received doses of , made by GlaxoSmithKline. Even though I received the same treatment for each of these visits, the hospital billed my insurance slightly different amounts each time: $2,810.96, $2,692.86 and $2,084.36. (If I could have bought it from a pharmacy, it would have cost about .)

Rabies is not the only possible complication of a cat bite. Many bites become infected, which is why I left my urgent care visit with a 10-day supply of amoxicillin, an antibiotic. According to the police, the cat who bit me is likely a repeat offender. A neighbor recently developed a nasty infection after a bite from a large orange tabby — no one is sure if it is the same cat — and has since needed surgery. She also underwent the rabies treatment.

I was lucky not to develop an infection, but my insurance company did have to pay one final bill — $206 to see my primary doctor after I developed a rash, likely from the antibiotic. If you’re keeping score at home, that brings the grand total to $26,229.35.

I had hoped to donate my blood, now rich with rabies antibodies, to be used to create more immune globulin for future bite victims. Unfortunately, my level of immunity likely isn’t high enough. Most people who give their plasma for this purpose have undergone the rabies vaccine many times. A public health worker said he recommended plasma donation to an acquaintance of his who studies endangered bats — a career I’m unlikely to go into. In fact, if I get bitten by any wildlife in the future, I will still have to trek back to the ER for two more rounds of shots.

So, I leave this experience behind with modestly increased immunity, little understanding of how medical bills are calculated and a new fear of outdoor cats — but also with a new appreciation for public health workers.

As for the cat, the police told me he was put under house arrest.

Â鶹ŮÓÅ Health News is a national newsroom that produces in-depth journalism about health issues and is one of the core operating programs at Â鶹ŮÓÅ—an independent source of health policy research, polling, and journalism. Learn more about .

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Watch: Defining The Debate On Health Care Coverage Options /news/watch-defining-the-debate-on-health-care-coverage-options/ Thu, 15 Aug 2019 09:00:27 +0000 https://khn.org/?p=983654

Public opinion polls show strong support for efforts to expand health coverage to more Americans.

But the list of proposals is long and the phrases used to describe them are often sloppy sloganeering.

Let us help you cut through the confusion.

Universal coverage means everyone has health insurance. Universal coverage can be provided by the government or a private company or some combination.

In a single-payer system, the government pays all medical bills and sets prices for medical procedures. Canada has a single-payer system.

Single-payer is not the same as socialized medicine, where the government owns the hospitals and clinics and employs the staffs. Great Britain’s National Health Service is an almost fully socialized health system.

A public option is a plan sponsored by the government that individuals may purchase. Private insurance plans would remain and the public option plan would compete with them for customers.

Medicare is the government program that insures 60 million people, most age 65 and older. It’s very popular.

Medicare, however, does not have very generous benefits compared with most private insurance plans. For example, you need separate insurance for prescription drugs and there is no limit on out-of-pocket costs.

Backers of “Medicare for All” proposals want to expand current Medicare to the entire population and enhance the benefits, too.

Medicare for All plans would minimize the current role of private insurance plans and some would eliminate them entirely.

Some people would like to expand Medicare gradually. This is sometimes called “Medicare for More.” It might simply lower the eligibility age to 55 or 50. Or it could begin by adding children and gradually move the eligibility age up until everyone is covered.

Another variation would keep the current Medicare coverage but let people who are not now eligible purchase it. These Medicare buy-in proposals might allow people ages 50 to 64 to opt in. Or Medicare might be available for purchase to those who don’t get insurance at their job.

All these plans will cost the government — that is, taxpayers — more. How much more, well, that’s a whole ‘nother can of worms.

Â鶹ŮÓÅ Health News is a national newsroom that produces in-depth journalism about health issues and is one of the core operating programs at Â鶹ŮÓÅ—an independent source of health policy research, polling, and journalism. Learn more about .

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This story can be republished for free (details).

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