Drugmakers Tout COVID-19 Vaccines To Refurbish Their Public Image
Johnson & Johnson researchers working on a vaccine against the coronavirus are 鈥渏ust like the heroes in the hospitals鈥 fighting to save patients, J&J CEO Alex Gorsky said on the 鈥淭oday鈥 show a few weeks ago.
It鈥檚 a message he likes to deliver. In recent weeks, Gorsky has talked about J&J鈥檚 efforts on NBC鈥檚 鈥淭oday鈥 and twice on CNBC and Fox. Nobody asked him about high drug prices, J&J鈥檚 role in the opioid crisis or lawsuits alleging its baby powder caused cancer.
J&J and the rest of the pharmaceutical industry have seized on the coronavirus crisis as a way to polish an image tarnished by unaffordable medicine, patent lawsuits and an addiction epidemic.
The potential payoff is clear: If drug companies can produce a successful vaccine or therapy against the biggest infectious threat in a century, 鈥渕aybe you can start to undo some of that reputational damage,鈥 said Michael Kinch, head of the at Washington University in St. Louis. 鈥淚 have to wonder if that鈥檚 some of the motivation.鈥
A top pharmaceutical executive recently told him: 鈥淲hen I entered this industry, we were the most respected industry in the world. Now we鈥檙e below tobacco.鈥
But it is uncertain which, if any, of the firms trying to claim center stage now 鈥 J&J for vaccines, Gilead for its antiviral or Abbott for its testing machines 鈥 deserve the leading role or will have it when new products arrive on the market and are priced.
Their star turn comes after what critics say have been decades of underinvestment in vaccines and medicines for the most common viral diseases in favor of more lucrative drugs that are less important to public health. The industry is talking about serving the public good while setting itself up for profits, downplaying the government鈥檚 role as a research partner and exaggerating prospects for victory, they say.
J&J鈥檚 vaccine candidate 鈥渉as a high degree of probability of being successful against the COVID-19 virus,鈥 Gorsky said on NBC鈥檚 鈥淭oday.鈥
But Gorsky 鈥渄oesn鈥檛 know that yet,鈥 given the difficulties of vaccine development and the many chances for failure, said Dr. Paul Offit, co-inventor of a rotavirus vaccine and a professor at the University of Pennsylvania鈥檚 Perelman School of Medicine. 鈥淲e should be humble about this virus, about what the likelihood is for protection.鈥
Three years ago, President Donald Trump said drug companies were by charging so much for medicine. In early March, he instead at a White House meeting and said 鈥渨e鈥檙e very proud鈥 of their work.
J&J is producing an eight-episode streaming series called in which CNN personality Lisa Ling interviews company officials, patients and scientists. A Financial Times profile on Gorsky was so flattering the company drawing attention to it.
鈥淲hen science wins, we all win,鈥 says which on a coronavirus vaccine. Executives at Gilead, maker of the antiviral remdesivir, 鈥渞ecognize the human suffering, the human need here,鈥 company CEO Daniel O鈥橠ay said on CBS鈥 鈥淔ace the Nation鈥 on May 3.
鈥淪cience is how we get back to normal,鈥 says from the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, the industry鈥檚 biggest lobbying group.
Trump administration officials, and even Dr. Anthony Fauci, the top infectious disease expert on the president鈥檚 coronavirus task force, say a vaccine could be available within 12 to 18 months 鈥 far faster than any other such treatment has been developed.
Such a schedule would be inconceivable without previous research by pharma companies, industry officials say.
鈥淭here are 70 vaccines in development for COVID-19 and several of them are already in human testing,鈥 said PhRMA spokesperson Priscilla VanderVeer. 鈥淎 lot of this is happening because the industry believes in vaccines, and many companies have made investments in vaccines.鈥
J&J officials, whose vaccine research has been aided by over the years, say their recent experience developing a vaccine for the Ebola virus and potential vaccines for HIV, Zika and other bugs gives them the ability to move quickly. The company鈥檚 in the Netherlands is able to make hundreds of millions of doses a year, they say.
But drug companies have been drifting away from vaccine research for decades, say independent authorities. They make far more money treating chronic ailments with regular pills or injections for years than on preventing disease.
鈥淏ecause vaccines are largely unattractive financially, we鈥檝e dismantled a lot of capabilities to develop them,鈥 Kinch said. 鈥淚f you look at the net number of vaccine-preventable infections, it actually hasn鈥檛 changed in about 20 years.鈥
Recent vaccine successes include treatments against human papillomavirus and Ebola and a new vaccine for shingles. But today only four companies make vaccines for the U.S. market, said Offit. That鈥檚 down from 27 in the 1950s and 18 in 1980, he said.
鈥淰accines are something you give once or a few times in a lifetime,鈥 he said. 鈥淭hey are never going to be blockbusters.鈥
Drug companies invested in potential vaccines against Ebola, SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome), Zika and other infections in recent years when concerns over the diseases faded.
Vaccine research has largely been left to small biotech companies and academic scientists funded by the government and nonprofits such as the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The World Health Organization for coronavirus vaccines, almost all in early development.
Such a number 鈥渟hows there is substantial capacity on the development side,鈥 if not on the manufacturing side, said Dr. Walter Orenstein, a professor at Emory University and former director of the U.S. immunization program for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
But small firms can鈥檛 afford the major expense of bringing the drugs to market 鈥 testing them on humans, and then manufacturing and distribution. Only a huge company can do that.
On Feb. 11, Fauci was that no major U.S. drugmaker had committed to making a coronavirus vaccine. He called it 鈥渧ery difficult and frustrating.鈥
Since then, as the disease and potential market have exploded, J&J鈥檚 Janssen division and a joint venture between giants Sanofi and GlaxoSmithKline have backed potential vaccines, as has Pfizer.
On March 30, J&J and the Trump administration that includes a massive, by U.S. taxpayers and similar spending by the company. On April 16, Moderna, a small biotech company, said in federal funds to speed the development of its vaccine candidate.
With so much government money at stake, corporate recipients should make detailed disclosures of how it is spent, said David Mitchell, the founder of Patients for Affordable Drugs, a consumer group.
Money will be an issue again, too. In February, Alex Azar, Health and Human Services secretary, said he was that a coronavirus vaccine would be affordable for everybody. Gilead, whose stock has jumped 20% this year, will be guided by 鈥減rinciples of affordability鈥 in marketing remdesivir, O鈥橠ay said recently. But it hasn鈥檛 set a price.
J&J has said it will offer its vaccine 鈥渙n a not-for-profit basis for emergency pandemic use.鈥 It is the only developer so far promising to limit profits on coronavirus vaccines. Mitchell said the company should spell out what that means and pledge to forgo all profits for the treatment, not just during the emergency.
鈥淲hen taxpayers are involved, we should have a say in what the price is and what the profit is,鈥 he said. 鈥淭here is plenty in Johnson & Johnson鈥檚 history to show why you should be cautious in dealing with them.鈥
A J&J spokesman did not respond when asked to comment on the Patients for Affordable Drugs proposal.