At a closed White House meeting in April, President Barack Obama told corporate insurance bosses 鈥渨e鈥檙e all in this together鈥 on implementing his signature health law. But some insurance companies seem to be more in than others.
At least five Blue Cross and Blue Shield executives sat at the table of about a dozen CEOs with the president, according to those knowledgeable about the session, first reported by the New York Times. Just as significant is who wasn鈥檛 there: chiefs of the country鈥檚 biggest and third-biggest health insurers, UnitedHealth Group and Aetna.
Those two and most other non-Blue insurers 鈥渟eem to be proceeding cautiously鈥 in the online marketplaces expected to cover to millions, said David Windley, who follows the industry for Jefferies & Co., an investment firm. 鈥淭hey are evaluating markets state by state and in some cases region by region within the state to assess the viability of all the different pieces.鈥
Not the Blues. They鈥檙e expected to offer health-exchange plans nearly everywhere, ensuring at least a minimum choice for individuals seeking subsidized coverage when the marketplaces open Oct. 1. It also makes them an undeclared Obama ally in implementing the health law.
鈥淭he Blues will definitely participate,鈥 said Ana Gupte, an insurance stock analyst for Dowling & Partners. 鈥淚f there is an exchange I鈥檓 sure there will be the Blues.鈥
The exchanges are online marketplaces that will operate in all 50 states, offering insurance plans for individuals and small businesses. The individual market has long been a high-risk, unstable business that some insurers never sought. The health law 鈥 with its mandate that could bring younger, healthier people into the pool and its subsidies 鈥 seeks to stabilize the individual market. But if few other insurers follow the Blues into those markets, consumers in those states may not see the same kind of competitive pricing of premiums that states like .
Still, it鈥檚 not just that Blues will offer coverage in places other carriers may avoid. In states where Republican governors oppose the health law, Blues may be the single biggest factor in educating consumers and recruiting them into Obamacare.
In Louisiana, where Gov. Bobby Jindal has flatly said 鈥渨e are not implementing the exchange,鈥 the local Blues plan has organized community nonprofits, churches, chambers of commerce and food banks to get out the word on what will be a federally run marketplace there.
BlueCross BlueShield of Louisiana 鈥渋s the driving force鈥 behind the Louisiana Healthcare Education Coalition, launched in March, said Nebeyou Abebe, who works on consumer engagement at the Louisiana Public Health Institute. 鈥淚 can鈥檛 think of any other entity in Louisiana that鈥檚 developing a massive campaign to educate people.鈥
Founded by hospitals and doctors before World War II, the Blues are a loose federation of nonprofit and for-profit plans with a history of selling coverage directly to individuals and families.
The Concerns Of Insurers
The Affordable Care Act requires exchange plans to cover anybody, no matter how sick, at regulated prices and often with large government subsidies.
Despite the prospect of millions of new customers and insurers with disproportionately high claims in the early years, carriers worry that the sick will be first to sign up while the healthy stay away. Fears grew after claims came in far higher than expected for temporary 鈥渉igh risk pools鈥 that had been established by the law to cover the chronically ill until the full law took effect in 2014. The shortfall prompted the plans to close enrollment early.
鈥淚nsurance companies, very suddenly in my estimation, are getting very conservative and hesitant about being in the exchanges,鈥 said Robert Laszewski, a Virginia-based consultant and former insurance executive. 鈥淎ll along everybody, including the companies, assumed they would be in a lot of exchanges.鈥
Carriers also fear Democrats will blame them if government-run online marketplaces suffer technical failures or run into other problems, Laszewski said.
UnitedHealth Group鈥檚 that it would offer plans in only a dozen state exchanges marked new disappointment for those hoping the exchanges will generate vigorous competition and new insurance for millions. Previously United had said it would sell on as many as 25 exchanges.
聽The company will 鈥渨atch and see鈥 how exchanges work, 鈥渁pproaching them with some degree of caution,鈥 UnitedHealth Group CEO Stephen Hemsley told analysts last month.
Aetna plans to offer individual exchange policies in 14 states and may reduce that if some states look unprofitable or unprepared, CEO Mark Bertolini said on a conference call in late April. On June 17 Aetna disclosed it would stop selling individual insurance in California, the most populous state.
For its part, Cigna will focus on making exchange plans work well in five states rather than spreading efforts more thinly, said Ray Smithberger, who鈥檚 in charge of the company鈥檚 individual business.
鈥淲hat you see in the general market is just a hesitancy鈥 over whether states will be technologically ready, he said in an interview. 鈥淲ith condensed time frames, it鈥檚 important that we provide the right connectivity to ensure we鈥檙e providing the best experience for the customer.鈥
Although not every state has announced online marketplace participants, the Blues characterize their approach very differently. 鈥淲e expect Blue Cross Blue Shield plans will have a strong, reliable presence in the new exchanges,鈥 said Alissa Fox, a senior vice president at the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association. 鈥淲e鈥檝e been in this market for more than 80 years and we鈥檝e been providing coverage in every zip code to everybody. We imagine we will continue to do that.鈥
Five Blues executives attended the to coordinate exchange implementation: Scott Serota, CEO of the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association; Florida Blue CEO Patrick Geraghty; Chet Burrell, CEO of CareFirst BlueCross BlueShield, with plans in Maryland and D.C.; Patricia Hemingway Hall, CEO of Health Care Service Corp., with Blues plans in four states; and WellPoint CEO Joseph Swedish. WellPoint is the No. 2 health insurer and operates Blues plans in 14 states.
The White House declined to release the full list of attendees. Nor does it comment 鈥渙n the role of one company or provider鈥 in implementing the health act, a spokeswoman said.
Protecting Their Business
Blues aren鈥檛 the only alternative to national commercial insurers. In many states there are regional nonprofits such as Group Health Cooperative in the Northwest or Presbyterian Health Plan in New Mexico. But for health coverage sold directly to consumers 鈥 the kind that will be offered on the exchanges 鈥 Blues have the of states.
Protecting that business is why Blues have little choice but to offer plans in the online marketplaces, analysts said. If they abstain, they risk losing those members. Once in the game, they need to recruit as many customers as possible to avoid signing a disproportionate share of the sick.
Florida Blue, which owns about half the market in that state for individual insurance, intends to use its 11 recently opened retail centers to get out the word and will rent temporary storefronts in key neighborhoods, said Jon Urbanek, senior vice president of commercial markets for the company. Florida Blue will double the size of its call center to 200 employees as October approaches, he said.
聽鈥淚n campaign terms, it鈥檚 a get-out-the-vote type of approach,鈥 said Michelle Riddell, vice president of community investment for BlueCross BlueShield of Texas.
Like the Louisiana Blues, the Texas Blues are educating and recruiting exchange customers with little cooperation from the state. Texas and Louisiana are among 33 states leaving exchange implementation to the federal government amid questions about whether it has the resources to educate a
The Texas insurer鈥檚 team includes Habitat for Humanity, diabetes groups, churches, social services nonprofits, the NAACP and community clinics 鈥 all putting out the Obamacare word in the state with the highest percentage of uninsured people in the country.
The campaign includes a Web site, a texting campaign and community events planned through the rest of the year. A Blues official recently spoke to the Houston congregation of Windsor Village United Methodist Church, which has more than 16,000 members. Food bank grocery bags bear printed information about health insurance. Barber shops are seen as health information hubs.
Be Covered Texas doesn鈥檛 mention Blue Cross, presenting itself as a grass-roots program. Health Care Services Corp., the parent of the Texas Blues, hasn鈥檛 disclosed how much it is spending on the Texas effort and similar outreach by its Blues plans in New Mexico, Illinois and Oklahoma, a spokesman said.
鈥淚 view this as a three-year project,鈥 said Bert Marshall, president of BlueCross BlueShield of Texas. 鈥淚 think the education piece is going to last well beyond this enrollment and well beyond the next.鈥
With his company holding more than half of the Texas individual insurance market, Marshall believes an early and extended campaign is a good investment. His competitors seem to have a different view.
鈥淭he Blue Cross plans鈥 are going to be in the exchanges because it鈥檚 part of their DNA,鈥 said Laszewski. 鈥淏ut the rest of the marketplace, if you go look at their block of individual business, it鈥檚 small, and it鈥檚 probably losing money.鈥