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Nothing is more important for a startup burning through cash than winning customers and revenue.

So problems with the Affordable Care Act’s online marketplaces, also known as exchanges, aren’t just an inconvenience for the likes of . They’re a threat.

Photo by Aaron Sumner via Flickr

“It’s slowly getting better. Some people have gotten to the enrollment stage before the site freezes,” says Evergreen’s frustrated CEO, Dr. Peter Beilenson. “Once enrollments start occurring, we still don’t expect to get notification of that from the exchange until December, which makes planning for deployment of resources challenging.”

Maryland-based Evergreen is one of nearly two dozen . Called co-ops because they will be owned by the policy holders, they’re supposed to add competition and lower medical-coverage prices.

But they can’t do either if customers don’t know they exist. Maryland’s insurance portal, intended to let shoppers compare plans and buy coverage, barely worked the first few days after it opened Oct. 1. When it did, it left Evergreen off the list of options, Beilenson said.

That got fixed. But even Maryland Gov. Martin O’Malley, an enthusiastic supporter of the health law,  will take another month or six weeks to iron out.

Meanwhile Evergreen is paying staff, renting offices and hiring doctors and has only until March under the health law’s open enrollment period to recruit most clients for 2014.

With the online portal balking, Evergreen has already altered its tactics to find more customers offline.

“It has clearly changed our marketing strategy to some extent,” Beilenson said.

Instead of relying so heavily on finding individual customers one at a time through the website, Evergreen is working harder on small-business accounts that can deliver dozens of subscribers in one deal. Ads mailed to thousands of employers produced more than 100 responses in only a day, Beilenson said.

At least Beilenson can call Dr. Joshua Sharfstein, Maryland’s health secretary, when he wants to complain or get something fixed. One day last week he talked five times to Sharfstein, who Beilenson says has been “very responsive.”

Other co-ops are unlikely have the same kind of advantage. Maryland is one of a minority of states in charge of its own Obamacare software. Co-ops in Arizona, South Carolina and elsewhere rely on the federal government’s healthcare.gov site, which by many accounts is the most troubled of all.

“We continue to have significant challenges,” says Kathleen Oestreich, CEO of , Arizona’s co-op, which is sold through the federal portal. “Some people are expressing some frustration but not across the board by any means.  Many people understand it is a big system, and will take a bit to make it work.”

Meritus is trying to take more advantage of brokers and face-to-face meetings with potential customers.

“Brokers are showing great interest,” she said. Still, two weeks after the federal marketplace was supposed to open, she added, “we wish the enrollment had really begun in any material way.”

What many describe as one of the most successful state-run portals, Kentucky’s, “has corrected some of the initial log jam and we are hearing reports that things are running smoother,” says Janie Miller, CEO of the . “We are excited and pumped but don’t have actual enrollee counts yet.”

Nobody is pushing the panic button. March 31, the end of enrollment, is several months away.

Co-ops are well financed with federal loans. Evergreen holds enough capital to be in good shape even if it doesn’t reach what Beilenson calls “self-sustaining” membership of 15,000 or 20,000 in the first year, he said.

But with few confirmed customers so far and no revenue, Evergreen and its peers have much more at stake in the Obamacare software than their established competitors.