COLUMBIA FALLS, Mont. 鈥 Over two years ago, Kim Hilton and his partner walked out of their home for the final time. The house had sold, and the new landlord raised the rent.
They couldn鈥檛 afford it. Their Social Security payments couldn鈥檛 cover the cost of any apartments in northwestern Montana鈥檚 Flathead Valley.
Hilton鈥檚 partner was able to move into her daughter鈥檚 studio apartment. There wasn鈥檛 enough space for Hilton, so they reluctantly split up.
At 68 years old, he moved into his truck 鈥 a forest-green Chevy Avalanche.
Hilton quickly found out how hard it would be to survive. Hilton has diabetes. That first night, his insulin froze, rendering it useless.
Things didn鈥檛 get any easier that winter. On the coldest nights, temperatures dropped to about minus 20 degrees. Hilton kept the truck running, but eventually his fuel pump failed. He was on his own in the cold.
Hilton is incredibly optimistic, but in that moment, he said, his spirit broke.
鈥淚 just said I want to go to sleep and not wake up and I won鈥檛 have to worry about anything. I鈥檒l just sit here and be a little popsicle in the truck,鈥 Hilton recalled.
Hilton was one of tens of thousands of seniors in the U.S. who became homeless for the first time in 2022. A dramatic increase in the number of homeless seniors nationwide is overwhelming services for unhoused people.
Older Montanans especially are struggling because housing costs have skyrocketed since 2021, in part because of the rise of remote work. The state has one of the nation鈥檚 , according to federal data.
University of Pennsylvania researcher estimated that the number of homeless people age 65 and up in the U.S. would triple between 2019 and 2030. He recently updated that estimate using federal data for a .
鈥淲e are on track to meet that prediction. In fact, the growth has been slightly higher than we predicted,鈥 he said.
According to Culhane鈥檚 research, the number of people 65 and older jumped by a little over a third between 2019 and 2022 alone. By 2022, there were about 250,000 people over 55 who were unhoused. About half of this population are homeless for the first time.
What researchers and advocates call the 鈥済ray wave鈥 of homeless seniors is overwhelming service providers trying to help.
Wendy Wilson is seeing the gray wave coming firsthand. She鈥檚 a case manager at that helps Flathead residents struggling to meet their medical needs. In the past, that meant helping them get free meals or finding a ride to the doctor鈥檚 office.
Increasingly, Wilson helps older people like Hilton find housing.
鈥淭hey have medical issues. It鈥檚 not easy for them to be living in a truck or at the homeless shelter when you have medical issues going on,鈥 she said.
Wilson found Hilton a spot in early 2023 at the Samaritan House in Kalispell, which has private rooms. But after five months of living in his truck, Hilton鈥檚 health had gone downhill fast. He had several fainting episodes at the shelter, then-manager Sona Blue said.
鈥淚t scared us because we have no medical care in this facility,鈥 she said.
That鈥檚 not usual for shelters. Finally, Hilton took a bad fall, and shelter staff sent him to an emergency room.
The doctor who treated Hilton discovered he had developed pressure wounds from sitting for months in the same position in his truck. Because of the neuropathy in his limbs from his diabetes, Hilton couldn鈥檛 feel the pain. Those wounds never healed and became infected, another common complication of diabetes.听
Hilton had one leg amputated. Later, his other leg was amputated as well. Returning to the shelter in a wheelchair wasn鈥檛 an option: There were no shelter staffers or medical personnel available to help with his basic needs.
A handful of homeless service providers, including shelter staffers and other medical case workers, tried to help Hilton find another place to go. They put him on waiting lists for the limited supply of subsidized housing in the area.
Wilson secured one of the few slots in a Medicaid program that helps pay for assisted living for Hilton. But it can take a year or more for units to open. So Wilson crossed her fingers that Hilton would get lucky before he was released from the hospital after his second amputation.
Many seniors across the country are stuck playing the same dangerous waiting game, said with the National Health Care for the Homeless Council.
鈥淪ometimes they can鈥檛 be safely served in a shelter because they have issues with incontinence or cognition. Then they鈥檙e more likely to be on the streets, and their conditions will worsen quite a bit,鈥 she said.
Communities are looking for solutions.
To serve aging people with complex medical needs, homeless shelters for seniors are cropping up in such cities as and , Florida.
Montana recently got approval from federal health officials to use Medicaid funding to temporarily help people with medical conditions make rent.
But that鈥檚 not enough, according to Synovec. She said the real solution is building more affordable housing so older Americans don鈥檛 become homeless in the first place.
That housing will need to be accessible, too. Older homeless people like Hilton need homes they can safely navigate. Because of his new wheelchair, he needed a ground-floor apartment.
In the fall, Hilton finally got a spot in a facility that would take his Medicaid waiver. He also got an electric wheelchair to make it easier to get to doctor appointments in town.
Hilton said he hasn鈥檛 pushed his new wheelchair to its top speed yet. 鈥淚t goes fast for a wheelchair. I鈥檓 going to find out when I go down to dinner. I鈥檒l stretch it out, break it in,鈥 he said with a laugh.
Hilton is grateful to finally have stable housing. Wilson is grateful too. She said it was one of the few times she鈥檚 been able to help a senior regain housing.
鈥淚t was a woo-hoo moment,鈥 she said.
As long as the facility stays open and the Medicaid waiver program isn鈥檛 cut, she鈥檚 confident Hilton will have made it through homelessness.
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