Brett Kelman, Author at �鶹Ů�� Health News

These Women Had Their Breasts Removed To Thwart Cancer. Then Came the Pain.

Brett Kelman and Amy Maxmen — Mon, 06 Apr 2026 09:00:00 +0000

Three weeks after Sophia Bassan’s mastectomy, she felt a stabbing pain beneath her right armpit. In the following months, painful shocks radiated through her chest and back. Her body became so sensitive that at times she couldn’t wear a shirt or lift a fork to her mouth.

Bassan slept sitting up because it hurt to lie down, and she would flinch at the slightest touch.

“I remember thinking I was losing my mind,” said Bassan, 43. “One time I was in so much pain that I had to take off my top, and then my cat’s tail brushed against my back. I screamed.”

Mastectomies are lifesaving surgeries that remove a patient’s breasts to treat breast cancer, which affects over their lifetimes, according to the American Cancer Society. Some women also undergo mastectomies as a preventive measure after a genetic test shows they have an increased risk for breast cancer.

In the months following surgery, many women are afflicted by , or PMPS, which spans from uncomfortable to disabling and can last years.

Yet PMPS is inconsistently diagnosed and treated, leaving women like Bassan in agony as they hunt for relief and struggle to find doctors who take their pain seriously, according to a �鶹Ů�� Health News review of peer-reviewed research studies and interviews with pain specialists, surgeons, patients, and patient advocates.

Another problem is that PMPS is poorly defined, which contributes to the wide range of estimates for how common it is, reaching as high as more than 50% of mastectomy patients, according to studies. Even the low-end estimates, around 10%, would amount to tens of thousands of women.

PMPS care could improve if lawmakers pass the Advancing Women’s Health Coverage Act, which was introduced in October to ensure insurance coverage after breast cancer treatment, including preventive mastectomies. The bill, which does not mention PMPS by name, covers complications including chronic pain. More research would help, but pain research has long been fractured across several and, more recently, has been undermined by the administration of President Donald Trump, who last year proposed deep cuts to research funding at the National Institutes of Health. After Congress rejected those cuts earlier this year, the White House slowed the release of NIH grant money, hindering ongoing and future scientific research.

“I’ve known women who’ve had chronic pain — itching, burning, stabbing pain — for years after mastectomies,” said Kathy Steligo, an on breast cancer who said she has spoken with hundreds of patients. “Of all the problems, that is probably the one least talked about by surgeons.”

Four mastectomy patients interviewed by �鶹Ů�� Health News told similar stories. In separate interviews, patients said their presurgery consultations did not raise the possibility of post-mastectomy pain syndrome, although each said they had signed forms that may have disclosed the chance of this complication. All said that they felt blindsided by the chronic pain, and some said their doctors dismissed their symptoms.

“Women don’t know about this, and when they have complications, the doctors act like it is so rare, like they’re so baffled,” Bassan said. “But this is statistically predictable.”

Jennifer Drubin Clark, 42, struggled with pain after her mastectomy in 2018, and it worsened after reconstructive breast surgery in 2019.

But her surgeon seemed to focus only on the appearance of her breast implants, she said.

“I couldn’t play the piano. I wanted to blow-dry my hair, but I couldn’t hold my arm above my head for more than two seconds. I couldn’t hold my kids,” Clark said. “Everything made me cry.”

Pain Often Dismissed

Breast cancer survival rates have steadily increased since the 1980s thanks to improved cancer screening, genetic testing, better treatments, and a rise in mastectomy surgeries.

Post-mastectomy pain syndrome is a consequence of that success, according to recent research papers from anesthesiologists at Baylor University in Texas and surgeons in Chicago and New York. Both papers called for an increased focus on PMPS so that breast cancer patients can not only live longer but live well.

“In the past, when concern was predominantly on patient survival, this pain was often considered acceptable,” plastic surgeons Jonathan Bank and Maureen Beederman wrote in , adding that mastectomies and other breast surgeries “should be considered truly successful only if patients are pain-free.”

Treatment for post-mastectomy pain has a long way to go, said anesthesiologist Sean Mackey, who leads the pain medicine division at Stanford University. Mackey said this “undertreated” condition has no consistent definition for diagnosis, no standardized screening, and no treatment approved by the Food and Drug Administration.

Even the name is a misnomer, Mackey said, since the same pain can arise among women who’ve had other procedures, including lumpectomies and lymph node surgeries.

“The condition was historically dismissed,” Mackey said. “Basically women were told: ‘You’re lucky to be alive. Some pain is expected. Suck it up and deal with it.’”

“That attitude has been slow to change,” he said.

Bank, a New York surgeon who focused on post-mastectomy pain, said the pain is believed to be triggered by nerves that are severed during surgery and then left that way.

The nerves can be sutured back together to minimize pain, Bank said, but most breast surgeons haven’t been trained to do this. So it is not surprising, he said, that some patients say their surgeons were dismissive of their pain after mastectomies.

“When doctors don’t have an answer or don’t know the solution, the easiest thing to do is say there is no problem,” Bank said.

PMPS has been documented among cancer patients since the 1970s. Although the condition does not have an official definition, many researchers describe it as frequent pain in the chest, shoulder, arm, or armpit lasting at least three months after surgery.

Mastectomies intended to prevent breast cancer have become more common among women with elevated risks, including genetic mutations and a family history of the disease.

Bassan’s grandmother died of breast cancer when she was 40. After her father died of cancer in 2023, a genetic test showed that she was at risk. Grieving and afraid, Bassan sought a preventive mastectomy without hesitation, she said.

Bassan said she was also inspired by actor Angelina Jolie, who disclosed her own preventive mastectomy in a in The New York Times. Her account had such a significant impact on rates of genetic testing and preventive mastectomies that medical researchers have studied what they call the “.”

“I was really swayed by that,” Bassan said. “She made it sound, in a way, quite effortless.”

The aftermath of Bassan’s surgery was far worse than she expected. Using a computer for hours triggered paralyzing pain, so she lost her job and has been out of work for more than a year. Prescription pills dulled the pain but left her in a fog, she said. Desperate, she consulted with multiple doctors until one suggested a nerve stimulation machine, which provided fleeting relief.

About nine months after her mastectomy, a breast reconstruction surgery lessened Bassan’s pain, although she said it still returns in occasional waves. Even though her surgeries were covered by insurance, Bassan estimated her pain has cost her more than $200,000 in lost wages and drained savings.

“I did not expect to pay this price to have this surgery,” Bassan said. “I don’t know if it was worth it.”

Other women have no real choice.

No ‘Gold Standard’ Solution

Jeni Golomb, 48, was diagnosed with stage 2 cancer in both breasts in 2023 and had a double mastectomy as soon as she could.

Doctors made boilerplate disclosures of possible complications, Golomb said, but she never heard the words “post-mastectomy pain syndrome” until after she had it.

Golomb now manages her chronic pain by taking 1,500 milligrams a day of gabapentin, an anti-seizure drug that can also be used to treat nerve pain. Golomb said she expects to take the drug for years. If she misses a dose, her pain comes roaring back.

“It was the worst pain I ever felt,” Golomb said. “I labored to 10 centimeters, unmedicated, with one of my children, and that was not as bad as this. It was excruciating.”

Gabapentin has proved effective at helping some mastectomy patients with stubborn pain, while others have responded to electrodes implanted in their spinal column, according to , published in 2024.

But that study also said there is “no current gold standard” for how to treat post-mastectomy pain and a scarcity of high-level evidence for what treatments are effective.

Baylor anesthesiologist Krishna Shah, who co-authored the report, said many patients eventually find a helpful treatment, but it often takes “a bit of trial and error” to identify what works for each.

And sometimes they never find it.

Susan Dishell, 67, said that after her 2017 mastectomy for breast cancer and reconstruction surgery, she struggled for five years with pain in both shoulders, plus a burning sensation that her medical records identified as nerve pain.

Another surgery swapped out her breast implants to erase her shoulder pain in 2022, Dishell said, but doctors warned her then that her other pain was unlikely to improve.

Since then, she has tried prescription drugs, steroid injections, CBD oil, acupuncture, physical therapy, and chiropractor treatments.

None of it worked, she said, so she stopped trying.

“I have not slept through the night since I’ve had this,” Dishell said. “But it’s OK. It’s not the most terrible price to pay to not have breast cancer.”

�鶹Ů�� Health News is a national newsroom that produces in-depth journalism about health issues and is one of the core operating programs at �鶹Ů��—an independent source of health policy research, polling, and journalism. Learn more about .

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A Canadian Hospital Scoops Up Nurses Who No Longer Feel Safe in Trump’s America

Brett Kelman — Fri, 27 Feb 2026 19:30:00 +0000

Last year, as the California hospital where she worked was appeasing the Trump administration by erasing words like “equity” and “diversity” from its paperwork, Brandy Frye had seen enough.

Frye, an emergency room nurse with 25 years of experience, felt that ignoring inequality’s role in health and sickness was an affront to the compassionate soul of the nursing profession.

“It felt like a step against everything I believe in,” Frye said. “And I didn’t feel like I belonged there anymore.”��

Now Frye has found a new place to belong. She is part of a surge of American nurses and other health care workers moving to Canada — specifically, British Columbia — to escape the policies of President Donald Trump. Frye settled in Nanaimo on Vancouver Island, where the local hospital has hired 20 American nurses in less than a year.

“There are so many like-minded people out there,” said Justin Miller, another American nurse who started at Nanaimo Regional General Hospital this month. “You aren’t trapped. You don’t have to stay. Health care workers are welcomed with open arms around the world.”��

More than 1,000 U.S.-trained nurses have been approved to work in British Columbia since April, when the province streamlined its licensing process for Americans, then launched an advertising campaign to take advantage of the “chaos and uncertainty happening in the U.S.” Nursing associations in Ontario and Alberta said they too have seen increased interest from American nurses in the past year.

“Some of them were living in fear of the administration, and they shared a sense of relief when crossing the border,” said Angela Wignall, CEO of Nurses and Nurse Practitioners of British Columbia. “As a Canadian, it’s heartbreaking. And also a joy to welcome them.”��

The Trump administration, for its part, doesn’t seem concerned. When asked to comment, the White House dismissed accounts of nurses moving to Canada as “anecdotes of individuals with severe cases of Trump derangement syndrome.”��

This aligns with an article we reported last year that found American doctors were also relocating north to get away from the Trump administration. According to the Medical Council of Canada, more than 1,200 American doctors created accounts on in 2025 — typically the first step to getting licensed in Canada — compared with only about 300 in 2024.

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Cientos de enfermeros estadounidenses dejan atrás el Estados Unidos de Trump y eligen trabajar en Canadá

Brett Kelman — Thu, 26 Feb 2026 13:39:13 +0000

El mes pasado, Justin y Amy Miller colmaron sus autos con tres niños, dos perros, un dragón barbudo y todas las pertenencias que pudieron, y condujeron 2.000 millas desde Wisconsin hasta British Columbia, en Canadá, para dejar atrás los Estados Unidos del presidente Donald Trump.

Los Miller se establecieron en Vancouver Island, su refugio rodeado de paisajes naturales y accesible solo por ferry o avión. Justin comenzó a trabajar en la sala de emergencias del Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, donde se convirtió en uno más de los 20 enfermeros formados en Estados Unidos contratados desde abril.

El temor a Trump, dijeron algunos de los enfermeros, fue la razón por la que se fueron.

“Somos muchos los que pensamos igual”, dijo Justin, quien ahora trabaja codo con codo con otros estadounidenses en Canadá. “No estás atrapado. No tienes que quedarte. A los trabajadores de salud los reciben con los brazos abiertos en todo el mundo”.

Los Miller forman parte de un nuevo y creciente número de enfermeros, doctores y otros trabajadores de salud estadounidenses que se mudan a Canadá, y en particular a British Columbia, donde más de 1.000 enfermeros y enfermeras formados en Estados Unidos han recibido autorización para trabajar desde abril pasado.

Mientras el gobierno de Trump implementa políticas de extrema derecha, cada vez más autoritarias, y reduce el financiamiento para la , los seguros y la investigación médica, muchos profesionales de enfermería se han sentido atraídos por la política progresista de Canadá, su reputación de país acogedor y su sistema de salud universal.

Además, algunos enfermeros se indignaron el año pasado cuando el gobierno de Trump dijo que reclasificaría la enfermería como , lo que impondría límites federales estrictos a los préstamos que los estudiantes de enfermería podrían recibir.

Canadá está listo para sacar partido de esta situación. Dos de sus provincias más pobladas, Ontario y British Columbia, han simplificado el proceso de obtención de licencias para enfermeros estadounidenses desde que Trump regresó a la Casa Blanca.

British Columbia también lanzó —“aprovechando la oportunidad” creada por el “caos e incertidumbre que ocurren en Estados Unidos”— para contratar enfermeros de California, Oregon y Washington.

Temores hechos realidad

Amy Miller, enfermera practicante, dijo que ella y su esposo estaban decididos a sacar a sus hijos del país porque sentían que el segundo mandato de Trump inevitablemente derivaría en violencia.

Primero, los Miller obtuvieron licencias de enfermería en Nueva Zelanda, pero cuando la búsqueda de empleo tomó demasiado tiempo, cambiaron su plan hacia Canadá.

A Justin le ofrecieron un trabajo en cuestión de semanas.

Amy encontró uno en tres meses.

Así que se mudaron. Y solo unos días después, los Miller observaron con horror desde la distancia cómo sus temores se hacían realidad. Mientras fuerzas federales de inmigración se enfrentaban con manifestantes en Minneapolis el 24 de enero, agentes federales dispararon y mataron a un enfermero de cuidados intensivos, Alex Pretti, cuando filmaba un enfrentamiento y parecía intentar proteger a una mujer que había sido empujada al piso.

El video del asesinato mostró a los agentes fronterizos inmovilizando a Pretti en el suelo antes de confiscarle su pistola oculta, para la cual tenía licencia, y dispararle.

El gobierno de Trump calificó rápidamente a Pretti como un “terrorista doméstico”. Esa acusación fue cuestionada por videos de testigos que circularon en redes sociales y generaron indignación, incluso entre enfermeros y organizaciones de enfermería, algunos de los cuales mencionaron el deber de la profesión de cuidar a las personas vulnerables.

“No quiero decir que era algo esperado, pero por eso estamos aquí”, dijo Amy Miller. “Incluso nuestra hija mayor dijo: ‘Está bien, mamá, porque ya no estamos allá. Aquí estamos seguros’. Ella lo entiende y ni siquiera está en la escuela media”.

Tanto Estados Unidos como Canadá tienen una gran necesidad de enfermeros. Se proyecta que Estados Unidos tendrá un déficit de unos 270.000 enfermeros registrados, además de al menos 120.000 enfermeros practicantes con licencia, para 2028, según de la Administración de Recursos y Servicios de Salud (HRSA, por sus siglas en inglés).

En Canadá, las vacantes de empleo en enfermería se triplicaron entre 2018 y 2023, cuando alcanzaron casi 42.000, según un del Montreal Economic Institute, un centro de análisis canadiense.

Consultada para comentar, la Casa Blanca señaló que muestran que el número de enfermeros con licencia en Estados Unidos aumentó en 2025. Y desestimó los relatos de enfermeros que se mudan a Canadá como “anécdotas de personas con casos graves del síndrome de trastorno por Trump”.

“La fuerza laboral de salud estadounidense es la mejor del mundo y sigue creciendo bajo el presidente Trump”, dijo Blanca Kush Desai, vocera de la Casa. “Las oportunidades de empleo en el sistema de salud estadounidense siguen siendo sólidas, con posibilidades de avance profesional y salarios que superan ampliamente a los de otras naciones desarrolladas”.

“Una sensación de alivio”

No se sabe con precisión cuántos enfermeros estadounidenses se han mudado al norte desde que Trump regresó al cargo, porque algunas provincias canadienses no registran o no publican esas estadísticas.

Desde que el proceso simplificado entró en vigencia en abril de 2025 hasta enero, la provincia de British Columbia, que ha hecho más esfuerzos para contratar estadounidenses, había aprobado las solicitudes de licencia de 1.028 enfermeros formados en Estados Unidos, según el British Columbia College of Nurses and Midwives. En todo 2023 y 2024, solo se habían aprobado 112 y 127 solicitudes de estadounidenses, respectivamente, informó la agencia.

El aumento del interés de enfermeros estadounidenses también fue confirmado por asociaciones de enfermería en Ontario y Alberta, así como por la Canadian Nurses Association a nivel nacional.

Angela Wignall, CEO de Nurses and Nurse Practitioners of British Columbia, dijo que antes los enfermeros estadounidenses se mudaban al norte porque se habían enamorado de Canadá (o de un canadiense). Pero más recientemente, afirmó, ha conocido a enfermeros que temían que la Casa Blanca fomentara la violencia y la vigilancia, en particular contra familias que incluyen parejas del mismo sexo.

“Algunos vivían con miedo al gobierno y compartieron una sensación de alivio al cruzar la frontera”, dijo Wignall. “Como canadiense, es desgarrador. Y también es una alegría darles la bienvenida”.

Vancouver Island, que tiene una población de unas 860.000 personas, ha incorporado a 64 enfermeros formados en Estados Unidos desde abril, incluidos los del Nanaimo Regional, dijo Andrew Leyne, vocero de la autoridad de salud de la isla.

Una de las enfermeras fue Susan Fleishman, una canadiense que se mudó a Estados Unidos cuando era niña y luego trabajó durante 23 años en salas de emergencias antes de dejar el país en noviembre.

Fleishman dijo que la retórica de odio de Trump ha alimentado una división que ha permeado y deteriorado la vida en el país.

“No fue una mudanza fácil; eso es seguro. Pero creo que definitivamente vale la pena”, dijo, ya de regreso en Canadá. “Siento que aquí hay mucha más amabilidad. Y creo que eso hará que me quede”.

Brandy Frye, quien también trabajó durante décadas en salas de emergencias estadounidenses, contó que se mudó a Vancouver Island el año pasado tras esperar a ver si Mark Carney se convertiría en primer ministro de Canadá. El ascenso de Carney fue ampliamente visto como un rechazo al trumpismo.

Mientras tanto, dijo Frye, el hospital de California donde trabajaba había estado eliminando de sus documentos palabras asociadas con diversidad y equidad para complacer al gobierno de Trump. No pudo tolerarlo.

“Lo vi como un paso en contra de todo en lo que creo”, señaló Frye. “Y ya no me sentía parte de ese lugar”.

Como muchos de los enfermeros estadounidenses que se han mudado a Vancouver Island, Frye se sintió atraída por primera vez a la zona gracias a un video viral que estaba destinado al turismo, pero que terminó logrando mucho más.

Hace aproximadamente un año, Tod Maffin, y ex presentador de CBC Radio, invitó a estadounidenses a la ciudad portuaria de Nanaimo para un fin de semana de “infusión” diseñado para compensar el impacto de los aranceles de Trump en la economía local.

Maffin dijo que alrededor de al evento en abril.

“Muchos eran trabajadores de salud que buscaban una ruta de escape”, dijo Maffin. “Estaban allí para apoyar nuestra economía, pero también para explorar Canadá”.

Maffin vio una oportunidad. Reutilizó el sitio web del evento como herramienta de reclutamiento y lanzó una sala de chat en Discord para ayudar a estadounidenses a mudarse.

Maffin dijo que cree que la campaña ayudó a unos 35 trabajadores de salud a mudarse a Vancouver Island. Voluntarios en han replicado su sitio web para atraer a sus propios enfermeros y doctores estadounidenses.

“Hay comunidades en todo Canadá donde la sala de emergencias cierra por la noche porque falta un enfermero. Así de apretado está el personal”, dijo Maffin.

“Un nuevo enfermero en un pueblo pequeño, o en una ciudad mediana como Nanaimo hace la diferencia”, agregó.

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‘You Aren’t Trapped’: Hundreds of US Nurses Choose Canada Over Trump’s America

Brett Kelman — Thu, 26 Feb 2026 10:00:00 +0000

Last month, Justin and Amy Miller packed their vehicles with three kids, two dogs, a pet bearded dragon, and whatever belongings they could fit, then drove 2,000 miles from Wisconsin to British Columbia to leave President Donald Trump’s America.

The Millers resettled on Vancouver Island, their scenic refuge accessible only by ferry or plane. Justin went to work in the emergency room at Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, where he became one of at least 20 U.S.-trained nurses hired since April.

Fear of Trump, some of the nurses said, was why they left.

“There are so many like-minded people out there,” said Justin, who now works elbow to elbow with Americans in Canada. “You aren’t trapped. You don’t have to stay. Health care workers are welcomed with open arms around the world.”

The Millers are part of a new surge of American nurses, doctors, and other health care workers moving to Canada, and specifically British Columbia, where more than 1,000 U.S.-trained nurses have been approved to work since April. As the Trump administration enacts increasingly authoritarian policies and decimates funding for , insurance, and medical research, many nurses have felt the draw of Canada’s progressive politics, friendly reputation, and universal health care system.

Additionally, some nurses were incensed last year when the Trump administration said it would reclassify nursing as a , which would impose strict federal limits on the loans nursing students could receive.

Canada is poised to capitalize. Two of its most populous provinces, Ontario and British Columbia, have streamlined the licensing process for American nurses since Trump returned to the White House. British Columbia also launched a last year to recruit nurses from California, Oregon, and Washington state.

“With the chaos and uncertainty happening in the U.S., we are seizing the opportunity to attract the talent we need,” Josie Osborne, the province’s health minister, said in a statement announcing the campaign.

Fears Realized

Amy Miller, a nurse practitioner, said she and her husband were determined to move their children out of the country because they felt Trump’s second term would inevitably spiral into violence.

First, the Millers got nursing licenses in New Zealand, but when the job search took too long, they pivoted to Canada.

Justin was offered a job within weeks.

Amy found one within three months.

So they moved. And just a few days later, the Millers watched with horror from afar as their fears came true.

As federal immigration forces clashed with protesters in Minneapolis on Jan. 24, federal agents fatally shot an ICU nurse, Alex Pretti, as he filmed a confrontation and appeared to be trying to shield a woman who was knocked down. Video of the killing showed border agents pinning Pretti to the ground before seizing his concealed, licensed handgun and opening fire on him.

The Trump administration quickly called Pretti a “domestic terrorist” who intended to kill federal agents. That allegation was disputed by eyewitness videos that circulated on social media and spurred widespread outrage, including from nurses and nursing organizations, some of whom invoked the profession’s duty to care for the vulnerable.

“I don’t want to say it was expected, but that’s why we are here,” Amy Miller said. “Even our oldest kid, she was like: ‘It’s OK, Mom, because we are not there anymore. We are safe here.’ So she recognizes that, and she’s not even in middle school yet.”

Both the U.S. and Canada have a severe need for nurses. The U.S. is projected to be short about 270,000 registered nurses, plus at least 120,000 licensed practical nurses, by 2028, according to from the Health Resources and Services Administration. In Canada, nursing job vacancies tripled from 2018 to 2023, when they reached nearly 42,000, according to from the Montreal Economic Institute, a Canadian think tank.

When asked to comment, the White House noted that shows the number of nurses licensed in the U.S. increased in 2025. It dismissed accounts of nurses moving to Canada as “anecdotes of individuals with severe cases of Trump derangement syndrome.”

“The American health care workforce is the finest in the world, and it continues to expand under President Trump,” White House spokesperson Kush Desai said. “Employment opportunities in the American health care system remain robust, with career advancement and pay that far exceed that of other developed nations.”

‘A Sense of Relief’

It is unknown precisely how many American nurses have moved north since Trump returned to office, because some Canadian provinces do not track or release such statistics.

British Columbia, which has done the most to recruit Americans, approved the licensing applications of 1,028 U.S.-trained nurses from when the province’s streamlined application process took effect in April 2025 through January, according to the British Columbia College of Nurses and Midwives. In all of 2023, only 112 applicants from the U.S. were approved, the agency said. In 2024, it was 127.

Increased interest from American nurses was also confirmed by nursing associations in Ontario and Alberta, as well as by the nationwide Canadian Nurses Association.

Angela Wignall, CEO of Nurses and Nurse Practitioners of British Columbia, said American nurses used to move north because they had fallen in love with Canada (or a Canadian). But more recently, she said, she had met nurses who feared the White House would spur violence and vigilantism, particularly against families that included same-sex couples.

“Some of them were living in fear of the administration, and they shared a sense of relief when crossing the border,” Wignall said. “As a Canadian, it’s heartbreaking. And also a joy to welcome them.”

Vancouver Island, which has a population of about 860,000, has gained 64 U.S.-trained nurses since April, including those at Nanaimo Regional, said Andrew Leyne, a spokesperson for the island’s health agency.

One of the nurses was Susan Fleishman, a Canadian who moved to the U.S. as a child, then worked for 23 years in American emergency rooms before leaving the country in November.

Fleishman said hateful rhetoric from Trump has fueled an angry division that has permeated and soured American life.

“It wasn’t an easy move — that’s for sure. But I think it’s definitely worth it,” she said, happily back in Canada. “I find there is a lot more kindness here. And I think that will keep me here.”

Brandy Frye, who also worked for decades in American ERs, said she moved to Vancouver Island last year after waiting to see whether Mark Carney would become Canada’s prime minister. Carney’s rise was widely viewed as a rejection of Trumpism.

Meanwhile, Frye said, the California hospital where she worked had been stripping words associated with diversity and equity out of its paperwork to appease the Trump administration. She couldn’t stand it.

“It felt like a step against everything I believe in,” Frye said. “And I didn’t feel like I belonged there anymore.”

Like many of the American nurses who have moved to Vancouver Island, Frye was first wooed to the area by a that was meant to attract tourist dollars but ended up doing much more.

About a year ago, Tod Maffin, a and former CBC Radio host, invited Americans to the port city of Nanaimo for a weekend event designed to offset the impact of Trump’s tariffs on the local economy.

Maffin said about the April event.

“A lot of them were health care workers looking for an escape route,” Maffin said. “They were there to help support our economy but also to look into Canada.”

Maffin saw an opportunity. He repurposed the event website into a recruiting tool and launched a Discord chatroom to help Americans relocate.

Maffin said he believes the campaign helped about 35 health care workers move to Vancouver Island. Volunteers in have since duplicated his website in an effort to attract their own American nurses and doctors.

“There are communities across Canada where the emergency room closes at night because one nurse is out. That’s how thin staffing is,” Maffin said.

“One new nurse in a small town, or in a midsized city like Nanaimo,” he said, “makes a difference.”

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This Ballad Hospital, Flooded by Hurricane Helene, Will Be Rebuilt for $44M in a Flood Plain

Brett Kelman — Mon, 09 Feb 2026 10:00:00 +0000

A small Tennessee hospital that was destroyed by a surging river during Hurricane Helene will soon be rebuilt on low-lying farmland that could face several feet of flooding in a much smaller storm, risking another disaster if the new facility is not built to withstand extreme weather, according to a �鶹Ů�� Health News analysis.

Ballad Health announced in January that it would spend about $44 million to rebuild the 10-bed Unicoi County Hospital in a field behind a Walmart in Unicoi, Tennessee, about 7 miles from the shuttered hospital that was the site of catastrophic flooding and a daring helicopter rescue on Sept. 27, 2024.

But the new location also faces significant flood risk, according to a �鶹Ů�� Health News review of information from and , two climate data companies whose flood modeling is considered more sophisticated than outdated flood maps published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Both Fathom and First Street estimate that a 100-year flood — a weather event more common and less intense than Helene — could cover much of the hospital site with more than 2 feet of water.

“The proposed site is so obviously a flood plain geomorphologically,” said Oliver Wing, chief scientific officer at Fathom. “You don’t need a model to see that.”

Wing said the new hospital site was actually more likely to flood than the old site and “very risky” for development due to a nearby creek and potential storm runoff from mountains to the west. But the flooding would be less powerful than at the old site, Wing said, and its impact could be lessened by elevating the hospital or building earthen embankments.

Ballad Health confirmed the new hospital location but did not respond to questions about flood risk or defenses planned for the site. In a brief written statement, spokesperson Molly Luton said Ballad was working with geotechnical professionals, Zurich Insurance Group, and a high-profile architecture firm in Nashville, Earl Swensson Associates, to “plan and build a safe hospital for the Unicoi County community.” Luton said Ballad is also working with FEMA, which is providing about .

FEMA has served as the nation’s de facto authority for estimating flood risk for half a century, and its flood maps generally determine which buildings must be designed to withstand a flood. But those maps are often incomplete and do not account for the impacts of climate change. FEMA’s flood maps of Unicoi, last updated in 2008, do not identify the new hospital site as a flood hazard zone.

Nationwide, FEMA maps don’t capture much of the flood risk identified by Fathom and First Street, which use sophisticated computer models and detailed terrain data to create flood simulations that are relied on by major developers, insurance companies, and government agencies. First Street publishes much of its modeling online, while Fathom shared data with �鶹Ů�� Health News through a data-use agreement.

Chad Berginnis, executive director of the Association of State Floodplain Managers, said that while the hilly terrain of northeastern Tennessee may limit Ballad’s options to rebuild, it should not ignore the data from Fathom and First Street or rely purely on FEMA’s maps, which suggest the hospital could be built with minimal flood protections.

If Ballad builds behind the Walmart, Berginnis said, it should follow the from the American Society of Civil Engineers, which recommend elevating hospitals enough to withstand a 1,000-year flood — like the one caused by Helene.

According to those standards and Google Earth elevation data, that could require earthwork to raise the ground of the Unicoi site by at least 8 feet and as much as 18 feet before construction.

“It’s going to require some elevation, and there is going to be some cost,” Berginnis said. “But, my God, you just lost your dang hospital.”

The destruction of Unicoi County Hospital in 2024 prompted a �鶹Ů�� Health News investigation into hospital flood risk, which used Fathom data to identify more than 170 hospitals across the nation that face the greatest risk of significant or dangerous flooding. Of those hospitals, at least 39 faced circumstances similar to Unicoi’s: Nearby rivers or creeks were predicted to swell beyond their banks and engulf the facility.

Ballad Health, which owns Unicoi and 19 other hospitals in Tennessee and Virginia, is the nation’s largest state-sanctioned hospital monopoly and the only option for hospital care for most residents in a 29-county region of Appalachia.

In a news release announcing the Unicoi reconstruction, Ballad said it was finalizing a land purchase for the new hospital site and expected construction to begin in the spring and last two years. Ballad Health Chief Operating Officer Eric Deaton said the reconstruction announcement was “a long-awaited step toward healing.”

“Rebuilding Unicoi County Hospital is about more than bricks and mortar,” Deaton said in the release. “It’s about keeping care close to home for people who have been through so much.”

Tennessee state Rep. Renea Jones, a Republican whose district includes both the old and new Unicoi hospital sites, praised the reconstruction plan in Ballad’s news release. The release did not mention that Ballad would buy about 15 acres of land for the new hospital from Jones’ family, which was first reported by and later confirmed by Tennessee public records.

Jones did not agree to be interviewed about the sale of the property or its flood risk.

The destroyed Unicoi County Hospital, which cost $30 million, was built along a bend of the Nolichucky River even though FEMA had labeled that area a flood zone for decades. Mountain States Health Alliance began construction in 2017, then later became Ballad Health, which opened the hospital in 2018.

Alan Levine, who was the CEO of Mountain States and now leads Ballad, told �鶹Ů�� Health News in a 2024 interview that Mountain States was aware of the flood risk when Unicoi was built but believed levees could protect the facility.

“I feel like everything we did when we built it was done the right way,” Levine said.

Helene proved too much to handle. As the hurricane carved a deadly path across Southern states and into Appalachia, heavy rainfall caused the Nolichucky to overspill its banks and engulf the hospital in as much as 12 feet of water.

Floodwater pushed inside the hospital and cut the power, forcing patients and staff to evacuate to the roof in hopes of rescue. Ultimately, helicopters plucked 70 people from the roof and the rushing water, narrowly avoiding fatalities.

Angel Mitchell, a Unicoi survivor who was airlifted to safety with her ailing mother, said she was appalled that the hospital would be rebuilt in an area vulnerable to another flood.

But the worst part, Mitchell said, was that locals would have little choice but to tolerate the risk because of Ballad’s monopoly.

“It’s ridiculous,” Mitchell said. “We want to go somewhere to heal, not somewhere to worry.”

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As Trump Denies Climate Change, At Least 170 Hospitals Face Major Flood Risk

Brett Kelman — Fri, 10 Oct 2025 18:30:00 +0000

In West Virginia’s capital of Charleston, where about 50,000 people live in a wide, flat river valley, an intense storm has the potential to flood five of the city’s six hospitals at once.

At the largest hospital, as much as 5 feet of water could reach the emergency room. At the children’s hospital, the river could rise to cut off all exits. And at another hospital in the city center, more than 10 feet of flooding could besiege the facility on three sides.

These are some findings of a new �鶹Ů�� Health News investigation that examined nationwide hospital flood risk using data provided by , a company considered a leader in flood simulation. The investigation identified 171 hospitals, totaling nearly 30,000 patient beds from coast to coast, that face the greatest risk of significant or dangerous flooding.

The investigation found heightened flood risks at large trauma centers, small rural hospitals, children’s hospitals, and long-term care facilities that serve older and disabled patients. While coastal flooding threatens many hospitals in low-lying states like Florida and Texas, many inland hospitals are at risk from overflowing rivers and streams, particularly in Appalachia. Even in the sun-soaked cities and arid expanses of the American West, storms have the potential to flood some hospitals with several feet of pooling water, according to Fathom’s data.

“The reality is that flood risk is everywhere. It is the most pervasive of perils,” said Oliver Wing, the chief scientific officer at Fathom, who reviewed the findings. “Just because you’ve never experienced an extreme doesn’t mean you never will.”

The �鶹Ů�� Health News investigation is among the first to analyze nationwide hospital flood risk in an era of warming climate and worsening storms. It comes as the administration of President Donald Trump has slashed and , dismantled Federal Emergency Management Agency programs and other important buildings, and generally dismissed the threat of climate change, which the president recently referred to as “.”��

Even a small amount of flooding could shut down an unprepared hospital, often by interrupting its power supply, which is needed for life-sustaining equipment such as ventilators and heart monitors.

Charleston Area Medical Center, a health system that runs most of the hospitals in Charleston, stated that it is aware of its flood risk and has taken steps to prepare, like acquiring a deployable floodwall.

Many other hospitals could be unaware of their flood risk. Of the 171 hospitals with significant flood risk identified by �鶹Ů�� Health News, one-third are in areas outside flood hazard zones mapped by FEMA.

“This is highly concerning,” said Caleb Dresser, who studies climate change and is both an emergency room doctor and a Harvard University assistant professor. “If you don’t have the information to know you’re at risk, then how can you triage that problem?”

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At Least 170 US Hospitals Face Major Flood Risk. Experts Say Trump Is Making It Worse.

Wed, 01 Oct 2025 10:01:00 +0000

LOUISVILLE, Tenn. — When a big storm hits, Peninsula Hospital could be underwater.

At this decades-old psychiatric hospital on the edge of the Tennessee River, an intense storm could submerge the building in 11 feet of water, cutting off all roads around the facility, according to a sophisticated computer simulation of flood risk.

Aurora, a young woman who was committed to Peninsula as a teenager, said the hospital sits so close to the river that it felt like a moat keeping her and dozens of other patients inside. �鶹Ů�� Health News agreed not to publish her full name because she shared private medical history.

“My first feeling is doom,” Aurora said as she watched the simulation of the river rising around the hospital. “These are probably some of the most vulnerable people.”

Covenant Health, which runs Peninsula Hospital, said in a statement it has a “proactive and thorough approach to emergency planning” but declined to provide details or answer questions.

Peninsula is one of about 170 American hospitals, totaling nearly 30,000 patient beds from coast to coast, that face the greatest risk of significant or dangerous flooding, according to a months-long �鶹Ů�� Health News investigation based on data provided by Fathom, a company considered a leader in flood simulation. At many of these hospitals, flooding from heavy storms has the potential to jeopardize patient care, block access to emergency rooms, and force evacuations. Sometimes there is no other hospital nearby.

Much of this risk to hospitals is not captured by flood maps issued by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, which have served as the nation’s de facto tool for flood estimation for half a century, despite being incomplete and sometimes decades out of date. As FEMA’s maps have become divorced from the reality of a changing climate, private companies like Fathom have filled the gap with simulations of future floods. But many of their predictions are behind a paywall, leaving the public mostly reliant on free, significantly limited government maps.

The deadliest hospital flooding in modern American history occurred 20 years ago during Hurricane Katrina, when the bodies of 45 people were recovered from New Orleans’ Memorial Medical Center, including some patients whom investigators . More flooding deaths were narrowly avoided one year ago when helicopters rescued dozens of people as Hurricane Helene engulfed Unicoi County Hospital in Erwin, Tennessee.

Rebecca Harrison, a paramedic, called her children from the Unicoi roof to say goodbye.

“I was scared to death, thinking, ‘This is it,’” Harrison told CBS News, which interviewed Unicoi survivors as part of �鶹Ů�� Health News’ investigation. “Alarms were going off. People were screaming. It was chaos.”

The investigation — among the first to analyze nationwide hospital flood risk in an era of warming climate and worsening storms — comes as the administration of President Donald Trump has slashed and and also dismantled FEMA programs designed to protect hospitals and other important buildings from floods.

When asked to comment, FEMA said flooding is a common, costly, and “under appreciated” disaster but made no statement specific to hospitals. Spokesperson Daniel Llargués defended the administration’s changes to FEMA by reissuing an August statement that dismissed criticism as coming from “bureaucrats who presided over decades of inefficiency.”

Alice Hill, an Obama administration climate risk expert, said the Trump administration’s dismissal of climate change and worsening floods would waste billions of dollars and endanger lives.

In 2015, Hill led the creation of the Federal Flood Risk Management Standard, which required that hospitals and other essential structures be elevated or incorporate extra flood protections to qualify for federal funding.

�󷡲Ѵ�� the standard in March.

“People will die as a result of some of the choices being made today,” Hill said. “We will be less prepared than we are now. And we already were, in my estimation, poorly prepared.”

‘Flood Risk Is Everywhere’

The �鶹Ů�� Health News investigation identified more than 170 hospitals facing a flood risk by comparing the locations of more than 7,000 facilities to , a United Kingdom company that simulates flooding in spaces as small as 10 meters using laser-precision elevation measurements from the .

Hospitals were determined to have a significant risk if Fathom’s 100-year flood data predicted that a foot or more of water could reach a considerable portion of their buildings, excluding parking garages, or cut off road access to the hospital. A 100-year flood is an intense weather event that has roughly a 1% chance of occurring in any given year but can happen more often.

Flooding threatens dozens of hospitals in coastal areas, including in Florida, Louisiana, Texas, and New York. Farther inland, flooding of rivers or creeks could envelop other hospitals, particularly in Appalachia and the Midwest. Even in the sun-soaked cities and arid expanses of the American West, storms have the potential to surround some hospitals with several feet of pooling water, according to Fathom’s data.

These findings are likely an undercount of hospitals at risk because the investigation overlooked pockets of potential flooding at some hospitals. It excluded facilities like stand-alone ERs, outpatient clinics, and nursing homes.

Dresser, the ER doctor, said even a small amount of flooding can shut down an unprepared hospital, often by interrupting its power supply, which is needed for life-sustaining equipment like ventilators and heart monitors. He said the most vulnerable hospitals would likely be in rural areas.

“A lot of rural hospitals are now closing their pediatric units, closing their psychiatry units,” Dresser said. “In a financially stressed situation, it can be hard to prioritize long-term threats, even if they are, for some institutions, potentially existential.”

Urban hospitals can face dangerous flooding, too. Fathom’s data predicts 5 to 15 feet of water around neighboring hospitals — Kadlec Regional Medical Center and Lourdes Behavioral Health — that straddle a tiny creek in Richland, Washington.

By Fathom’s estimate, a 100-year flood could cause the nearby Columbia River to spill over a levee that protects Richland, then loosely follow the creek to the hospitals. Some of the deepest flooding is estimated around Lourdes, which was built on land the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers set aside in 1961 as a “ponding and drainage easement.”

At the time, this land was supposed to be capable of storing enough water to fill at least 40 Olympic-size swimming pools, according to obtained through the Freedom of Information Act. A mental health facility has occupied this spot since the 1970s.

Both Kadlec and Lourdes said in statements that they have disaster plans but did not answer questions about flooding. Tina Baumgardner, a Lourdes spokesperson, said government flood maps show the hospital is not in a 100-year flood plain.

This is not uncommon. Of the more than 170 hospitals with significant flood risk identified by �鶹Ů�� Health News, one-third are located in areas that FEMA has not designated as flood hazard zones.

Sometimes the difference is stark. For example, at Ochsner Choctaw General in Alabama — the only hospital for 30 miles in any direction — FEMA maps suggest a 100-year flood would overflow a nearby creek but spare the hospital. Fathom’s data predicts the same event would flood most of the hospital with 1 to 2 feet of water, including the ER and the helicopter pad.

Ochsner Health did not answer questions about flooding preparations at Choctaw General.

FEMA flood maps were launched in the ’60s as part of the National Flood Insurance Program to determine where insurance is required and building codes should include flood-proofing. According to a FEMA statement, the maps show only a “snapshot in time” and are not intended to predict where flooding will or won’t happen.

FEMA spokesperson Geoff Harbaugh said the agency intends to modernize its maps through the Future of Flood Risk Data initiative, which will enable the agency to “better project flood risk” and give Americans “the information they need to protect their lives and property.”

The program was launched by the first Trump administration in 2019 but has since received sparse public updates. Harbaugh declined to provide a detailed update or timeline for the program.

Chad Berginnis, executive director of the Association of State Floodplain Managers, said it is unknown whether FEMA is still trying to upgrade its maps under Trump, as the agency has cut off communications with outside flooding experts.

“There has been not a single bit of loosening of what I’m calling the FEMA cone of silence,” Berginnis said. “I’ve never seen anything like it.”

Floods are expected to worsen as a warming climate fuels stronger storms, drenching areas that are already flood-prone and bringing a new level of flooding to areas once considered lower risk.

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has said that 2024 was the warmest year on record — more than 2 degrees Fahrenheit higher than the 20th-century average. Scientists across the globe that each degree of global warming correlates to a 4% increase in the intensity of extreme rainfall.

“Warmer air can hold more moisture, so this leads us to experience heavier downpours,” said Kelly Van Baalen, a sea level rise expert at the nonprofit . “A 100-year flood today could be a 10-year flood tomorrow.”

Intensifying storms raise concerns about Peninsula Hospital, which has operated for decades mere feet from the Tennessee River but has no known history of flooding.

Peninsula spokesperson Josh Cox said the river is overseen by the Tennessee Valley Authority, which uses dams to manage water levels and generate electricity. Estimates provided by the TVA suggest the dams could keep Peninsula dry even in a 500-year flood.

Fathom, however, said its flood simulation accounts for the dams and stressed that a large enough storm could drop more rain than even the TVA could control. These predictions are echoed by another flood modeling firm, , which also says an intense storm could cause more than 10 feet of flooding in the area around Peninsula.

“It’s a hospital right on the banks of a major American river,” said Wing, the Fathom scientist. “It just isn’t conceivable that such a location is risk-free.”

Jack Goodwin, 75, a retired TVA employee who has lived next to Peninsula for three decades, said he was confident the dams could protect the area. But after reviewing Fathom’s predictions, Goodwin began to research flood insurance.

“Water can rise quickly and suddenly, and the destruction is tremendous,” he said. “Just because we’ve never seen it here doesn’t mean we won’t see it.”

‘All the Elements of a Real Disaster’

One year ago, as Hurricane Helene carved a deadly path across Southern Appalachia, Angel Mitchell was visiting her ailing mother at Unicoi County Hospital in the tiny town of Erwin, Tennessee.

Swollen by Helene, the nearby Nolichucky River spilled over its banks and around the hospital, which was built in a flood plain. Staff tried to bar the doors, Mitchell said, but the water got in, trapping her and others inside. The lights went out. People fled to the roof, where the roar of rushing water nearly drowned out the approach of rescue helicopters, Mitchell said.

Ultimately, 70 people from the hospital, including Mitchell and her mother, were airlifted to safety on Sept. 27, 2024. The hospital remains closed, and the company that owns it, Ballad Health, has said its .

“Why allow something — especially a hospital — to be built in an area like that?” Mitchell told CBS News. “People have to rely on these areas to get medical help, and they’re dangerous.”

Beyond Unicoi, �鶹Ů�� Health News identified 39 inland hospitals — including 16 in Appalachia — that Fathom predicts could flood when nearby rivers, creeks, or drainage canals overspill their banks, even in storms far less intense than Helene.

For example, in the Cumberland Mountains of southwestern Virginia, a 100-year flood is projected to cause Slate Creek to engulf Buchanan General Hospital in more than 5 feet of water.

Near the Great Lakes in Erie, Pennsylvania, LECOM Medical Center and Behavioral Health Pavilion could become flooded by a small drainage creek that is less than 50 feet from the front door of the ER.

Neither Buchanan nor LECOM responded to questions about flooding or preparations.

And in West Virginia’s capital of Charleston, where about 50,000 people live at the junction of two rivers in a wide and flat valley, a single storm could potentially flood five of the city’s six hospitals at once, along with schools, churches, fire departments, and other facilities.

“I hate to say it,” said Behrang Bidadian, a flood plain manager at the , “but it has all the elements of a real disaster.”

At the largest hospital in Charleston, CAMC Memorial Hospital, Fathom predicts that the Kanawha River could bring as much as 5 feet of flooding to the ER. Across town, the Elk River could surround CAMC Women and Children’s Hospital, cutting off all exits.

And in the center of the city, where the overflowing rivers are predicted to merge, Thomas Orthopedic Hospital could be besieged by more than 10 feet of water on three sides.

WVU Medicine, which owns Thomas Orthopedic Hospital, did not respond to requests for comment.

CAMC spokesperson Dale Witte said the hospital system is aware of its flood risk and has prepared by elevating electrical infrastructure and acquiring flood-proofing equipment, like a deployable floodwall. CAMC also regularly revises and drills its disaster plans, Witte said, although he added that hospitals there have never been tested by a real flood.

Shanen Wright, 48, a lifelong Charleston resident who lives near CAMC Memorial, said many in the city have little worry about flooding in the face of more immediate problems, like the opioid epidemic and the decline of manufacturing and mining.

Tugboats and coal barges sail past his neighborhood as if they were cars on his street.

“It’s not to say it’s not a possibility,” he said. “I’m sure the people in Asheville and the people in Texas, where the floods took so many lives, they probably didn’t see it coming either.”

‘The Water Is Coming’

Despite wide scientific consensus that climate change fuels more dangerous weather, the Trump administration has that concerns about global warming are overblown. In a speech to the United Nations in September, Trump called climate change “the greatest con job ever perpetrated on the world.”

The Trump administration has made deep staff and funding cuts to FEMA, NOAA, and the National Weather Service. At FEMA, the cuts prompted 191 current and former employees to in August warning that the agency is being dismantled from within.

Daniel Swain, a University of California climate scientist, said the administration’s rejection of climate change has left the nation less prepared for extreme weather, now and in the future.

“It’s akin to enforcing malpractice scientifically,” Swain said. “Imagine making a medical decision where you are not allowed to look at 20% of the patient’s vital signs or test results.”

Under Trump, FEMA has also taken actions critics say will leave the nation more vulnerable to flooding, specifically:

FEMA disbanded the Technical Mapping Advisory Council, which had to modernize its flood maps to estimate future risk and account for the impacts of climate change.
FEMA canceled its program, which provided grants to help communities and vital buildings, including hospitals, protect themselves from floods and other natural disasters.
And after stopping enforcement early this year, FEMA the Federal Flood Risk Management Standard, which was designed to harden buildings against future floods and save tax dollars in the long run.

Berginnis, of the Association of State Floodplain Managers, said the administration’s unwillingness to prepare for climate change and worsening storms would result in a dangerous and costly cycle of flooding, rebuilding, and flooding again.

“The president is saying we are closed for business when it comes to hazard mitigation,” Berginnis said. “It bugs me to no end that we have to have reminders — like people dying — to show us why it’s important to make these investments.”

FEMA did not answer specific questions about these decisions. In the statement to �鶹Ů�� Health News, spokesperson Llargués touted the administration’s response to flooding in Texas and New Mexico and said FEMA had provided billions of dollars to help people and communities recover and rebuild. He did not mention any FEMA funding for protecting against future floods.

Few hospitals understand this threat more than the former Coney Island Hospital in New York City, which has suffered catastrophic flooding before and has prepared for it to come again.

Superstorm Sandy in 2012 forced the hospital to evacuate hundreds of patients. When the water receded, fish and a sea turtle were found in the building.

Eleven years later, the facility reopened as Ruth Bader Ginsburg Hospital, transformed by a FEMA-funded $923 million reconstruction project that added a 4-foot floodwall and elevated patient care areas and utility infrastructure above the first floor.

It is now likely one of the most flood-proofed hospitals in the nation.

But, so far, no storm has tested the facility.

Svetlana Lipyanskaya, CEO of NYC Health+Hospitals/South Brooklyn Health, which includes the rebuilt hospital, said the question of flooding is “not an if but a when.”

“I hope it doesn’t happen in my lifetime,” she said, “but frankly, I’d be surprised. The water is coming.”

Methodology

After Hurricane Helene made landfall a year ago, a raging river flooded a rural hospital in eastern Tennessee. Patients and employees were rescued from the rooftop. Floods have hit hospitals from New York to Nebraska to Texas in recent years. We wanted to determine how many other U.S. hospitals face similar peril. Ultimately, we found more than 170 hospitals at risk.

For this analysis, we used data from , a United Kingdom-based company that specializes in flood-risk modeling across the globe. To assess the United States’ vulnerability, Fathom uses sophisticated computer simulations and detailed terrain data covering the country. It accounts for environmental factors such as climate change, soil conditions, and many rivers and creeks not mapped by other sources. Fathom’s modeling has been and , the World Bank, the Nature Conservancy, and government agencies in Florida, Texas, and elsewhere. The Iowa Flood Center has .

Through a data use agreement, Fathom shared its U.S. mapping data that predicts areas with at least a 1% chance of flooding in any given year. Fathom’s data estimates the effects of of flooding: coastal, fluvial (from overflowing rivers, lakes, or streams), and pluvial (rainfall that the ground can’t absorb). The data also accounts for dams, reservoirs, and other structures that defend against floods.

To identify at-risk hospitals, we used a publicly available Department of Homeland Security database containing the GPS coordinates of more than 7,000 short-term acute, critical access, rehab, and psychiatric hospitals — basically any hospital with inpatient services. (DHS under the Trump administration has discontinued public access to the database, so data for hospitals and other infrastructure is no longer widely available.)

Using GPS coordinates as the centerpoint, we created a circle with a 150-yard radius around each hospital, which in most cases captured the building plus nearby grounds and access roads. We then mapped Fathom’s flood-risk data to see where it overlapped with these circles. We started by looking for hospitals where at least 20% of the circle’s area had a predicted flood depth of at least 1 foot. That gave us an initial list of more than 320 hospitals across the U.S.

From there, we visually inspected those hospitals using mapping software and Google Maps, both satellite and street view. We trimmed our list to only the hospitals where a considerable portion of the building or all access roads were predicted to have at least a foot of flooding.

If two hospitals were mapped to the same building — for instance, a small rehab facility within a large hospital — we counted only one hospital. We also excluded hospitals recently converted to nursing homes or for other uses.

We ended up with a list of 171 hospitals across the U.S. That is most likely an undercount. Some hospitals could still face significant impact from flooding that is not deep enough or widespread enough to fit our methodology. Our analysis also does not account for how flooding farther from a hospital could affect employees or patients. And it does not assess what steps hospitals may have already taken to prepare for severe weather events.

We also ran a spatial analysis comparing Fathom’s data with flood hazard maps from the Federal Emergency Management Agency, which in many cases are incomplete or haven’t been updated in years. We found that about a third of hospitals identified as flood risks by Fathom’s data did not overlap at all with FEMA’s 100- or 500-year hazard areas.

Fathom provided guidance and feedback as we developed our analysis.

CBS News correspondent David Schechter, photojournalist Chance Horner, and producer Aparna Zalani contributed to this report.

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Ballad Health’s Hospital Monopoly Underperformed. Then Tennessee Lowered the Bar.

Brett Kelman — Tue, 03 Jun 2025 09:00:00 +0000

Despite years of patient complaints and quality-of-care concerns, Ballad Health — the nation’s largest state-sanctioned hospital monopoly — will now be held to a lower standard by the Tennessee government, and state data that holds the monopoly accountable will be kept from the public for two years.

Ballad is the only option for hospital care for most of the approximately 1.1 million people in a 29-county swath of Appalachia. Such a monopoly would normally be prohibited by federal law. But under deals negotiated with Tennessee and Virginia years ago, the monopoly is permitted if both states affirm each year that it is an overall benefit to the public.

However, according to a between Ballad and Tennessee, the monopoly can now be considered a “clear and convincing” benefit to the public with performance that would earn a “D” on most A-to-F grading scales.

And the monopoly can be allowed to continue even with a score that most would consider an “F.”

“It’s an extreme disservice to the people of northeast Tennessee and southwest Virginia,” said Dani Cook, who has organized protests against Ballad’s monopoly for years. “We shouldn’t have lowered the bar. We should be raising the bar.”

The Ballad monopoly, which encompasses 20 hospitals and straddles the border of Tennessee and Virginia, was created in 2018 after lawmakers in both states, in an effort to prevent hospital closures, waived federal antitrust laws so two rival health systems could merge. Although Ballad has largely succeeded at keeping its hospitals open, staffing shortages and patient complaints have left some residents wary, afraid, or unwilling to seek care at Ballad hospitals, according to an investigation by �鶹Ů�� Health News published last year.

In Tennessee, the Ballad monopoly is regulated through a 10-year Certificate of Public Advantage agreement, or COPA — now in its seventh year — that establishes the state’s goals and a scoring rubric for hospital performance. Tennessee Department of Health documents show Ballad has fallen short of about three-fourths of the state’s quality-of-care goals over the past four fiscal years. But the monopoly has been allowed to continue, at least in part, because the scoring rubric doesn’t prioritize quality of care, according to the documents.

Angie Odom, a county commissioner in Tennessee’s Carter County, where , said she has driven her 12-year-old daughter more than 100 miles to Knoxville to avoid surgery at a Ballad hospital.

After years of disappointment in Tennessee’s oversight of the monopoly, Odom said she was “not surprised” by Ballad’s new grading scale.

“They’ve made a way that they can fail and still pass,” she said.

Virginia regulates Ballad with a different agreement and scoring method, and its reviews generally track about one or two years behind Tennessee’s. Both states have found Ballad to be an overall benefit in every year they’ve released a decision.

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American Doctors Are Moving to Canada To Escape the Trump Administration

Brett Kelman and Oona Zenda — Fri, 30 May 2025 09:00:00 +0000

Earlier this year, as President Donald Trump was beginning to reshape the American government, Michael, an emergency room doctor who was born, raised, and trained in the United States, packed up his family and got out.

Michael now works in a small-town hospital in Canada. �鶹Ů�� Health News and NPR granted him anonymity because of fears he might face reprisal from the Trump administration if he returns to the U.S. He said he feels some guilt that he did not stay to resist the Trump agenda but is assured in his decision to leave. Too much of America has simply grown too comfortable with violence and cruelty, he said.

“Part of being a physician is being kind to people who are in their weakest place,” Michael said. “And I feel like our country is devolving to really step on people who are weak and vulnerable.”

Michael is among a new wave of doctors who are leaving the United States to escape the Trump administration. In the months since Trump was reelected and returned to the White House, American doctors have shown skyrocketing interest in becoming licensed in Canada, where dozens more than normal have already been cleared to practice, according to Canadian licensing officials and recruiting businesses.

The Medical Council of Canada said in an email statement that the number of American doctors creating accounts on , which is “typically the first step” to being licensed in Canada, has increased more than 750% over the past seven months compared with the same time period last year — from 71 applicants to 615. Separately, medical licensing organizations in Canada’s most populous provinces reported a rise in Americans either applying for or receiving Canadian licenses, with at least some doctors disclosing they were moving specifically because of Trump.

“The doctors that we are talking to are embarrassed to say they’re Americans,” said John Philpott, CEO of , which recruits doctors into Canada. “They state that right out of the gate: ‘I have to leave this country. It is not what it used to be.’”

Canada, which has universal publicly funded health care, has long been an option for U.S.-trained doctors seeking an alternative to the American health care system. While it was once more difficult for American doctors to practice in Canada due to discrepancies in medical education standards, Canadian provinces have relaxed some licensing regulations in recent years, and some are expediting licensing for U.S.-trained physicians.

In mere months, the Trump administration has with tariffs, and , and threatened the sovereignty of U.S. allies, . The administration has also taken steps that may unnerve doctors specifically, including appointing Robert F. Kennedy Jr. to lead federal health agencies, shifting money away from pandemic preparedness, discouraging gender-affirming care, demonizing fluoride, and supporting .

The Trump administration did not provide any comment for this article. When asked to respond to doctors’ leaving the U.S. for Canada, White House spokesperson Kush Desai asked whether �鶹Ů�� Health News knew the precise number of doctors and their “citizenship status,” then provided no further comment. �鶹Ů�� Health News did not have or provide this information.

Philpott, who founded CanAm Physician Recruiting in the 1990s, said the cross-border movement of American and Canadian doctors has for decades ebbed and flowed in reaction to political and economic fluctuations, but that the pull toward Canada has never been as strong as now.

Philpott said CanAm had seen a 65% increase in American doctors looking for Canadian jobs from January to April, and that the company has been contacted by as many as 15 American doctors a day.

Rohini Patel, a CanAm recruiter and doctor, said some consider pay cuts to move quickly.

“They’re ready to move to Canada tomorrow,” she said. “They are not concerned about what their income is.”

The College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario, which handles licensing in Canada’s most populous province, said in a statement that it registered 116 U.S.-trained doctors in the first quarter of 2025 — an increase of at least 50% over the prior two quarters. Ontario also received license applications from about 260 U.S.-trained doctors in the first quarter of this year, the organization said.

British Columbia, another populous province, saw a surge of licensure applications from U.S.-trained doctors after Election Day, according to an email statement from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia. The statement also said the organization licensed 28 such doctors in the fiscal year that ended in February — triple the total of the prior year.

Quebec’s College of Physicians said applications from U.S.-trained doctors have increased, along with the number of Canadian doctors returning from America to practice within the province, but it did not provide specifics. In a statement, the organization said some applicants were trying to get permitted to practice in Canada “specifically because of the actual presidential administration.”

Michael, the physician who moved to Canada this year, said he had long been wary of what he described as escalating right-ring political rhetoric and unchecked gun violence in the United States, the latter of which he witnessed firsthand during a decade working in American emergency rooms.

Michael said he began considering the move as Trump was running for reelection in 2020. His breaking point came on Jan. 6, 2021, when a violent mob of Trump supporters besieged the U.S. Capitol in an attempt to stop the certification of the election of Joe Biden as president.

“Civil discourse was falling apart,” he said. “I had a conversation with my family about how Biden was going to be a one-term president and we were still headed in a direction of being increasingly radicalized toward the right and an acceptance of vigilantism.”

It then took about a year for Michael to become licensed in Canada, then longer for him to finalize his job and move, he said. While the licensing process was “not difficult,” he said, it did require him to obtain certified documents from his medical school and residency program.

“The process wasn’t any harder than getting your first license in the United States, which is also very bureaucratic,” Michael said. “The difference is, I think most people practicing in the U.S. have got so much administrative fatigue that they don’t want to go through that process again.”

Michael said he now receives near-daily emails or texts from American doctors who are seeking advice about moving to Canada.

This desire to leave has also been striking to , a small business that helps American doctors practice medicine in other countries.

The company was co-founded by Ashwini Bapat, a Yale-educated doctor who moved to Portugal in 2020 in part because she was “terrified that Trump would win again.” For years, Hippocratic Adventures catered to physicians with wanderlust, guiding them through the bureaucracy of getting licensed in foreign nations or conducting telemedicine from afar, Bapat said.

But after Trump was reelected, customers were no longer seeking grand travels across the globe, Bapat said. Now they were searching for the nearest emergency exit, she said.

“Previously it had been about adventure,” Bapat said. “But the biggest spike that we saw, for sure, hands down, was when Trump won reelection in November. And then Inauguration Day. And basically every single day since then.”

At least one Canadian province is actively marketing itself to American doctors.

, which represents physicians in the rural province that struggles with one of Canada’s worst doctor shortages, launched a recruiting campaign after the election to capitalize on Trump and the rise of far-right politics in the U.S.

The campaign focuses on Florida and North and South Dakota and advertises “ in physician patient relationship” as a selling point.

Alison Carleton, a family medicine doctor who moved from Iowa to Manitoba in 2017, said she left to escape the daily grind of America’s for-profit health care system and because she was appalled that Trump was elected the first time.

Carleton said she now runs a small-town clinic with low stress, less paperwork, and no fear of burying her patients in medical debt.

She dropped her American citizenship last year.

“People I know have said, ‘You left just in time,’” Carleton said. “I tell people, ‘I know. When are you going to move?’”

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Médicos estadounidenses se mudan a Canadá para escapar de la administración Trump

Brett Kelman — Fri, 30 May 2025 08:55:00 +0000

A principios de este año, cuando el presidente Donald Trump comenzaba a remodelar el gobierno, Michael, un médico de emergencias nacido, criado y formado en Estados Unidos, hizo las maletas y se marchó con su familia.

Michael trabaja ahora en un pequeño hospital de un pueblo de Canadá. �鶹Ů�� Health News y NPR le han concedido el anonimato por temor a que pueda sufrir represalias por parte de la administración Trump si regresa a Estados Unidos.

Afirma que se siente culpable por no haberse quedado para resistir la agenda de Trump, pero está convencido de su decisión de marcharse. Dice que una gran parte del país se ha acostumbrado a un ambiente de violencia y crueldad.

“Parte de ser médico tiene que ver con el afecto hacia las personas que se encuentran en una situación de mayor debilidad”, afirmó Michael. “Creo que en estos momentos nuestro país ha retrocedido y pisotea a las personas débiles y vulnerables”.

Michael forma parte de una nueva ola de médicos que ha decidido abandonar Estados Unidos para escapar de la administración Trump.

En los meses transcurridos desde que Trump fue reelegido y regresó a la Casa Blanca, los médicos estadounidenses han mostrado un interés creciente por obtener la licencia en Canadá, donde ya se ha autorizado a ejercer a un número mayor de lo habitual, según funcionarios canadienses encargados de la concesión de licencias y empresas de contratación.

El Consejo Médico de Canadá afirmó en un comunicado por correo electrónico que el número de médicos estadounidenses que han creado cuentas en , que suele ser el “primer paso” para obtener la licencia en Canadá, ha aumentado más del 750% en los últimos siete meses en comparación con el mismo período del año pasado, pasando de 71 solicitantes a 615.

Por otra parte, las organizaciones de concesión de licencias médicas de las provincias más pobladas de Canadá informaron de un aumento de los estadounidenses que solicitan o reciben licencias canadienses, y algunos de esos médicos revelaron que se mudaban específicamente por Trump.

“Los médicos con los que hablamos se avergüenzan de decir que son estadounidenses”, dijo John Philpott, CEO de , que recluta médicos para Canadá. “Lo dicen nada más llegar: ‘Tengo que irme de este país. Ya no es lo que era’”.

Canadá, que tiene un sistema de salud universal financiado con fondos públicos, ha sido durante mucho tiempo una opción para los médicos formados en Estados Unidos que buscan una alternativa al sistema de salud estadounidense.

Aunque antes era más difícil para los médicos estadounidenses ejercer en Canadá debido a las diferencias en los estándares de formación médica, las provincias canadienses han relajado algunas normas para la concesión de licencias en los últimos años y algunas están agilizando el otorgamiento de licencias a los médicos formados en Estados Unidos.

En cuestión de meses, la administración Trump ha con su política de aranceles, ha y , y ha amenazado la soberanía de los aliados de Estados Unidos, .

La administración también ha tomado medidas que pueden inquietar específicamente a los médicos, como nombrar a Robert F. Kennedy Jr. para dirigir las agencias federales de salud, desviar fondos destinados a la preparación para pandemias, desalentar la atención de la salud para los procedimientos de afirmación de género, demonizar el flúor y apoyar .

La administración Trump no ha querido hacer ningún comentario para este artículo. Cuando se le pidió que respondiera a la fuga de médicos de Estados Unidos a Canadá, el vocero de la Casa Blanca, Kush Desai, preguntó si �鶹Ů�� Health News conocía el número exacto de médicos y su “estatus de ciudadanía”, y luego no hizo ningún comentario más. �鶹Ů�� Health News no tenía ni proporcionó esa información.

Philpott, que fundó CanAm Physician Recruiting en la década de 1990, dijo que el movimiento transfronterizo de médicos estadounidenses y canadienses ha fluctuado durante décadas en respuesta a las circunstancias políticas y económicas, pero que el interés en Canadá nunca había sido tan fuerte como ahora.

Philpott afirmó que CanAm registró un aumento del 65% en el número de médicos estadounidenses que buscaban trabajo en Canadá entre enero y abril, y que la empresa estuvo recibiendo hasta 15 solicitudes de médicos estadounidenses al día.

Rohini Patel, reclutadora de CanAm y médica, dijo que algunos están dispuestos a aceptar salaries más bajos para poder mudarse rápidamente.

“Están listos para mudarse a Canadá mañana mismo”, afirmó. “No les preocupa cuál será su salario”.

El Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Ontario, que se encarga de la concesión de licencias en la provincia más poblada de Canadá, dijo en un comunicado que registró a 116 médicos formados en Estados Unidos en el primer trimestre de 2025, lo que supone un aumento de al menos 50% con respecto a los dos trimestres anteriores.

British Columbia, otra provincia muy poblada, experimentó un aumento de las solicitudes de licencia de médicos formados en Estados Unidos después del día de las elecciones, según un comunicado enviado por correo electrónico del Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de British Columbia. El comunicado también indicaba que la organización había concedido la licencia a 28 médicos de este tipo en el año fiscal que finalizó en febrero, el triple que el año anterior.

El Colegio de Médicos de Quebec afirmó que las solicitudes de médicos formados en Estados Unidos han aumentado, al igual que el número de médicos canadienses que regresan de Estados Unidos para ejercer en la provincia, pero no proporcionó datos concretos. En un comunicado, la organización afirmó que algunos solicitantes estaban tratando de obtener permiso para ejercer en Canadá “específicamente debido a la actual administración presidencial”.

Michael, el médico que se mudó a Canadá este año, dijo que llevaba mucho tiempo temiendo lo que describió como una escalada de la retórica política de derecha y la violencia armada sin control en Estados Unidos, de esta última fue testigo directo durante una década trabajando en salas de emergencias.

Michael contó que empezó a plantearse la mudanza cuando Trump se presentó a la reelección en 2020. Su punto de inflexión llegó el 6 de enero de 2021, cuando una violenta turba de seguidores de Trump asaltó el Capitolio de Estados Unidos en un intento de impedir la certificación de la elección de Joe Biden como presidente.

“El discurso civil se estaba desmoronando”, afirmó. “Tuve una conversación con mi familia sobre cómo Biden iba a ser un presidente de un solo mandato y cómo seguíamos avanzando hacia una radicalización cada vez mayor hacia la derecha y la aceptación del vigilantismo (donde las personas se toman la justicia por su mano)”.

Luego, Michael tardó aproximadamente un año en obtener la licencia en Canadá, y aún más en concretar su trabajo y mudarse, contó. Aunque el proceso para obtener la licencia “no fue difícil”, según él, requirió obtener documentos certificados de su facultad de medicina y de su programa de residencia.

“El proceso no fue más difícil que obtener la primera licencia en Estados Unidos, que también es muy burocrático”, señaló Michael. “La diferencia es que creo que la mayoría de las personas que ejercen en Estados Unidos están tan cansadas de los trámites administrativos que no quieren volver a pasar por ese proceso”.

Michael dijo que ahora recibe casi a diario correos electrónicos o mensajes de texto de colegas que buscan asesoramiento para mudarse a Canadá.

Este deseo de marcharse también ha llamado la atención de , una pequeña empresa que ayuda a los médicos estadounidenses a ejercer la medicina en otros países.

La empresa fue cofundada por Ashwini Bapat, una doctora formada en Yale que se mudó a Portugal en 2020, en parte porque “le aterrorizaba que Trump volviera a ganar”. Durante años, Hippocratic Adventures atendió a médicos con espíritu viajero, guiándolos a través de la burocracia para obtener licencias en otros países o realizar telemedicina a distancia, explicó Bapat.

Pero después de la reelección de Trump, los clientes ya no buscaban grandes viajes por todo el mundo. Ahora buscan la salida de emergencia más cercana, según Bapat.

“Antes se trataba de la aventura”, explicó Bapat. “Pero el mayor aumento que vimos, sin duda alguna, fue cuando Trump ganó la reelección en noviembre. Y luego, el día de la toma de posesión. Y básicamente todos los días desde entonces”.

Al menos una provincia canadiense se está promocionando activamente entre los médicos estadounidenses.

, que representa a los médicos de esta provincia rural que sufre una de las peores escaseces de médicos de Canadá, lanzó una campaña de reclutamiento tras las elecciones para capitalizar el rechazo a Trump y al auge de la política de extrema derecha en Estados Unidos.

La campaña se centra en Florida y Dakota del Norte y del Sur, y anuncia como “ en la relación médico-paciente”.

Alison Carleton, médica de familia que se mudó de Iowa a Manitoba en 2017, dijo que se marchó para escapar de la rutina diaria del sistema de salud estadounidense, orientado al lucro, y porque le horrorizó que Trump fuera elegido por primera vez.

Carleton dijo que ahora dirige una clínica en un pequeño pueblo con poco estrés, menos papeleo y sin miedo a que sus pacientes se vean ahogados por las deudas médicas.

El año pasado renunció a su ciudadanía estadounidense.

“La gente que conozco me dice: ‘Te fuiste justo a tiempo’”, afirmó Carleton. “Yo les respondo: ‘Lo sé. ¿Cuándo te vas a mudar tú?’”.

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