It started building over the summer, fed by news of across Southern California, Trump administration plans to with Immigration and Customs Enforcement, and the passage of state and federal restrictions on immigrant Medicaid eligibility. Then in November, the federal government released a new that, if enacted, could block certain immigrants from obtaining permanent legal residency if they or family members have used public benefits, including Medicaid.

Many of González’ clients and their children, often U.S. citizens, still qualify for California’s Medicaid program, known as Medi-Cal, which provides health coverage to over 14 million residents with low incomes or disabilities. But increasingly, they don’t want to enroll or renew their coverage, she said.

“Many people don’t want to apply,” she said. “There are people who say they don’t even want to go outside and water their plants.”

An analysis by 麻豆女优 Health News found that, from June to December, the latest month for which figures are available, almost 100,000 immigrants without legal status left Medi-Cal, representing about a quarter of all disenrollments in that time frame, even though this group makes up only about 11% of Medi-Cal enrollees.

It marks a reversal in a steady rise in enrollment among immigrants without legal status in California. Until July, sign-ups among this group had risen every month since the state opened Medi-Cal to all low-income residents regardless of immigration status in January 2024.

Tessa Outhyse, a spokesperson for the California Department of Health Care Services, which oversees Medi-Cal, said the enrollment declines can be mostly attributed to the fact that the government restarted eligibility checks that were suspended during the covid-19 pandemic. Indeed, overall Medi-Cal enrollment peaked in May 2023, and has since declined by about 1.6 million.

But two researchers, Leonardo Cuello at Georgetown University’s Center for Children and Families and Susan Babey at the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research, pointed out that California and most other states had fully resumed eligibility checks . In other words, that wouldn’t explain why enrollment has fallen precipitously in the last 12 months or so.

What has changed, Cuello said, is that the federal government passed the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, and executive orders added more changes that are propelling disenrollment.

Surveys Offer Clues

found immigrant adults nationally, especially parents, to be increasingly avoiding government programs that help pay for food, housing, or health care, to avoid drawing attention to their or a family member’s immigration status. That included lawfully present residents and naturalized citizens. Parental avoidance of these programs is particularly concerning, Cuello said, because about 1 in 4 children in the U.S. have an immigrant parent, even though most of those children were born in the U.S.

Cuello suspects that may help explain a nationwide enrollment drop of almost 3% in Medicaid and the Children’s Health Insurance Program during the first 10 months of last year, including a 5.6% drop in enrollment among California children, according to .

During the first Trump administration, the president broadened public charge criteria to allow consideration of Medicaid use and food and housing assistance. That led many citizen children and other household members to they were eligible for. Some the programs even after several courts blocked implementation and Democratic President Joe Biden rescinded the rule.

“It caused a high level of confusion,” said Louise McCarthy, president and CEO of the Community Clinic Association of Los Angeles County, which represents about 70 health centers in the Los Angeles area. “Community health center staff are still working to undo the effects of the first rule.”

Projected Savings

Currently, only people reliant on cash assistance programs or long-term, government-funded institutionalized care may be considered a public charge risk when applying for a visa to enter the country or to become a legal permanent resident. But under the Trump administration’s proposed rule, Medicaid and other noncash programs could be used to determine whether an immigrant is likely to become dependent on the government. Immigration officers would also have more discretion to label people a public charge.

The Department of Homeland Security’s proposal says the changes are needed because the existing rules hamper the agency’s ability to make decisions about an immigrant’s risk of becoming reliant on government resources. A public comment period for the proposal ended in December.

DHS did not respond to a request about when it plans to make a final decision on the rule. The change would “align with long-standing policy that aliens in the United States should be self-reliant and government benefits should not incentivize immigration,” the proposal states.

The agency projected the change could save federal and state governments almost $9 billion annually from people disenrolling from or forgoing enrollment in public benefit programs.

A of the proposed rule estimated it could result in 1.3 to 4 million people disenrolling from Medicaid or CHIP, including as many as 1.8 million citizen children.

“It’s clearly being weaponized to create fear and anxiety,” said Benyamin Chao, supervising health and public benefits policy manager at the California Immigrant Policy Center. He called the proposal part of an “assault on lawfully present immigrants and U.S. citizens who are family members, and just the general community.”

Public charge fears are expected to decrease enrollment also in anti-hunger programs, such as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, known in California as CalFresh. Mark Lowry, who heads the Orange County Food Bank, said that that 鈥� along with disenrollment related to the One Big Beautiful Bill Act 鈥� could overwhelm food pantries, since federal nutrition programs account for the vast majority of food aid.

“There’s no way that the emergency food system has the capacity or resources to address those needs,” he said.

Health Care Needs

Fear of Medi-Cal enrollment doesn’t extend to all immigrants. Juana Zaragoza manages a program in Oxnard that helps mostly Indigenous Mexican farmworkers sign up for Medi-Cal. Overall enrollment and reenrollment has remained steady over the past few months, she said. Neither she nor the community members she serves know much about the public charge proposal, she added.

Often, any concerns they have are outweighed by an immediate need for health care.

“We encounter a lot of people who are balancing: what benefits me now and what benefits me later,” she said. “Some just want to cover their needs in the moment.”

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El gobierno federal no lleva un registro de cuántos niños han ingresado a este sistema como consecuencia de operativos de control migratorio, lo que dificulta saber con qué frecuencia ocurre.

En Oregon, hasta febrero, dos niños habían sido ubicados en hogares temporales luego de ser separados de sus padres en casos de detención migratoria, según Jake Sunderland, vocero del Departamento de Servicios Humanos del estado.

“Antes del otoño de 2025, esto nunca había ocurrido”, aseguró.

Hasta mediados de febrero, casi por el Servicio de Inmigración y Control de Aduanas (ICE, por sus siglas en inglés).

El récord de 73.000 personas detenidas en enero representó un comparado con el año anterior. Según una , hasta agosto de 2025, padres de 11.000 niños con ciudadanía estadounidense habían sido detenidos desde el inicio del mandato de Trump.

El medio NOTUS que por lo menos 32 niños de padres detenidos o deportados habían sido colocados en hogares temporales en siete estados.

Sandy Santana, director ejecutivo de Children’s Rights, una organización de defensa legal, dijo que sospechan que el número real es mucho mayor.

“Ese número nos parece realmente muy bajo”, dijo.

La separación de sus padres es profundamente traumática para los niños y suele provocar , incluido el trastorno de estrés postraumático. El estrés prolongado e intenso también puede causar infecciones más frecuentes en los niños y problemas en el desarrollo. Ese “estrés tóxico” también se asocia con daños en áreas del cerebro responsables del aprendizaje y la memoria, , una organización sin fines de lucro dedicada a la información en salud que incluye a 麻豆女优 Health News.

Durante el primer mandato de Trump, . y modificaron algunas leyes para permitir que tutores recibieran derechos parentales temporales en casos relacionados con migración. Ahora, tras el regreso de Trump al poder el año pasado, el aumento en los controles migratorios está impulsando una nueva ola de respuestas estatales.

En Nueva Jersey, legisladores están considerando un proyecto para modificar estatal que permite que los padres designen tutores temporales para casos de muerte o incapacidad. La nueva versión agregaría como otra razón válida la separación por control migratorio federal.

El año pasado, Nevada y California aprobaron leyes para proteger a las familias separadas por acciones de control migratorio. La ley de California, llamada Ley del Plan de Preparación Familiar (), permite que los padres designen tutores y compartan derechos de custodia, en lugar de que sus derechos se suspendan mientras están detenidos. Si son liberados y pueden reunirse con sus hijos, recuperan sus derechos parentales completos.

Existen importantes obstáculos legales para la reunificación familiar una vez que un niño entra bajo custodia estatal, explicó Juan Guzman, director del tribunal de menores y tutela en Alliance for Children’s Rights, una organización de defensa legal en Los Ángeles.

Si el niño es colocado en cuidado temporal y ni el padre ni la madre pueden participar en los procesos judiciales requeridos porque están detenidos o han sido deportados, es menos probable que puedan volver a reunirse con su hijo, afirmó Guzman.

Se estima que que son ciudadanos estadounidenses viven con un padre u otro familiar que no tiene estatus migratorio legal, según investigaciones de Brookings Institution, un centro de estudios en Washington, D.C. Dentro de ese grupo, 2,6 millones de niños tienen a ambos padres sin estatus legal.

Santana dijo que es probable que el número de casos de separación familiar aumente a medida que el gobierno de Trump avance con su campaña migratoria. Por lo tanto, más niños corren el riesgo de terminar en el sistema de cuidado temporal.

Las exigen que la agencia se esfuerce en facilitar la participación de los padres detenidos en los procedimientos de los tribunales de familia, de bienestar infantil o de tutela, pero Santana indicó que no está claro que el ICE esté cumpliendo con estas normas.

Los funcionarios de ICE no respondieron a las solicitudes de comentarios para este artículo.

Antes de que cambiara la ley de California, la única razón por la que un padre podía compartir derechos de custodia con otro tutor era si tenía una enfermedad terminal, contó Guzman.

Ahora, si los padres preparan un plan con anticipación y designan a alguien de confianza que pueda hacerse cargo de sus hijos si llegara a ser necesario, la agencia estatal de bienestar infantil puede iniciar el proceso para entregar a los niños a esa persona sin tener que abrir un caso formal de cuidado temporal, agregó.

Aunque los legisladores de Nevada el año pasado ampliaron una ley de tutela ya existente para incluir el control migratorio, la medida exige que los padres presenten documentación notarial ante la oficina del secretario de estado, un trámite administrativo que puede resultar costoso, dijo Cristian González-Pérez, abogado en Make the Road Nevada, una organización sin fines de lucro que ofrece recursos a comunidades inmigrantes.

González-Pérez señaló que algunos inmigrantes dudan en completar formularios gubernamentales por temor a que el ICE pueda acceder a esa información y los persiga. Él les asegura a los miembros de la comunidad que los formularios estatales son confidenciales y solo pueden ser consultados por hospitales y tribunales.

El gobierno de Trump ha tomado para acceder a información sensible a través de los Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid, el Servicio de Impuestos Internos (IRS), el Programa de Asistencia Nutricional Suplementaria (SNAP), el Departamento de Vivienda y Desarrollo Urbano y otras entidades.

González-Pérez y Guzmán consideran que muchos padres inmigrantes no conocen sus derechos. Designar un tutor temporal y crear un plan familiar es una forma de no sentirse impotentes, afirmó González-Pérez.

“La gente no quiere hablar de esa cuestión”, reflexionó Guzman. “Que un padre tenga que hablar con un niño sobre la posibilidad de separarse da miedo. No es algo que nadie quiera hacer”, concluyó.

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The federal government doesn’t track how many children have entered foster care because of immigration enforcement actions, leaving it unclear how often it happens. In Oregon, as of February two children had been placed in foster care after being separated from their parents in immigration detention cases, according to Jake Sunderland, a spokesperson for the Oregon Department of Human Services.

“Before fall 2025, this simply had never happened before,” Sunderland said.

As of mid-February, nearly by Immigration and Customs Enforcement. The record 73,000 people in detention in January represented an compared with one year before. According to , parents of 11,000 children who are U.S. citizens were detained from the beginning of Trump’s term through August.

The news outlet NOTUS that at least 32 children of detained or deported parents had been placed in foster care in seven states.

Sandy Santana, executive director of Children’s Rights, a legal advocacy organization, said he thinks the actual number is much higher.

“That, to us, seems really, really low,” he said.

Separation from a parent is deeply traumatic for children and can lead to , including post-traumatic stress disorder. Prolonged, intense stress can lead to more-frequent infections in children and developmental issues. That “toxic stress” is also associated with responsible for learning and memory, according to 麻豆女优.

, and amended existing laws during Trump’s first term to allow guardians to be granted temporary parental rights for immigration enforcement reasons. Now the enforcement surge that began after Trump returned to office last year has prompted a new wave of state responses.

In New Jersey, lawmakers are considering to amend a state law that allows parents to nominate standby, or temporary, guardians in the cases of death, incapacity, or debilitation. The bill would add separation due to federal immigration enforcement as another allowable reason.

Nevada and California passed laws last year to protect families separated by immigration enforcement actions. California’s law, called the , allows parents to nominate guardians and share custodial rights, instead of having them suspended, while they’re detained. They regain their full parental rights if they are released and are able to reunite with their children.

There are significant legal barriers to reunification once a child is placed in state custody, said Juan Guzman, director of children’s court and guardianship at the Alliance for Children’s Rights, a legal advocacy organization in Los Angeles.

If a parent’s child is placed in foster care and the parent cannot participate in required court proceedings because they are in detention or have been deported, it’s less likely they will be able to reunite with their child, Guzman said.

are U.S. citizens who live with a parent or family member who does not have legal immigration status, according to research from the Brookings Institution, a Washington, D.C.-based think tank. Within that group, 2.6 million children have two parents lacking legal status.

Santana said he expects the number of family separation cases to grow as the Trump administration continues its immigration enforcement campaign, putting more children at risk of being placed in foster care.

the agency to make efforts to facilitate detained parents’ participation in family court, child welfare, or guardianship proceedings, but Santana said it’s uncertain whether ICE is complying with those rules.

ICE officials did not respond to requests for comment for this report.

Before the change in California’s law, the only way a parent could share custodial rights with another guardian was if the parent was terminally ill, Guzman said.

If parents create a preparedness plan and identify an individual to assume guardianship of their children, the state child welfare agency can begin the process of placing the children with that individual without opening a formal foster care case, he added.

While Nevada lawmakers expanded an existing guardianship law last year to include immigration enforcement, the measure requires the parents to take the additional step of filing notarized paperwork with the secretary of state’s office, said Cristian Gonzalez-Perez, an attorney at Make the Road Nevada, a nonprofit that provides resources to immigrant communities.

Gonzalez-Perez said some immigrants are still hesitant to fill out government forms, out of fear that ICE might access their information and target them. He reassures community members that the state forms are secure and can be accessed only by hospitals and courts.

The Trump administration has taken through the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, the IRS, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, the Department of Housing and Urban Development, and other entities.

Gonzalez-Perez and Guzman said that not enough immigrant parents know their rights. Nominating a temporary guardian and creating a plan for their families is one way they can prevent feelings of helplessness, Gonzalez-Perez said.

“Folks don’t want to talk about it, right?” Guzman said. “The parent having to speak to a child about the possibility of separation, it’s scary. It’s not something anybody wants to do.”

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Vestida con ropa de senderismo y collares de cuentas, Carranza, de 67 años, se movía entre árboles y niños en una mañana soleada de diciembre. “Agárrate de esa rama”, dijo en español. “隆Tú puedes, mi amor!”.

Carranza, profesional especializada en desarrollo infantil que creció columpiándose entre árboles y nadando en ríos en El Salvador, dijo que se siente como en casa en el bosque del preescolar al aire libre que cofundó. Ha trabajado con niños y adolescentes como cuidadora y educadora durante más de tres décadas, el tiempo suficiente para saber cuándo intervenir y cuándo dar un paso atrás para que sus estudiantes encuentren su propio equilibrio.

Cuando pasó a trabajar medio tiempo el año pasado, Carranza contaba con recibir Medicare y cheques del Seguro Social, beneficios otorgados a trabajadores estadounidenses e inmigrantes con presencia legal cuando se retiran, si de historial laboral y edad, o si tienen alguna discapacidad.

Carranza ha aportado decenas de miles de dólares a Medicare y al Seguro Social durante 24 años, según su registro de ingresos de la Administración del Seguro Social, revisado por El Tímpano y 麻豆女优 Health News. Pero Carranza es una de un estimado de 100.000 inmigrantes con papeles que pronto quedarán excluidos de Medicare.

La ley One Big Beautiful Bill Act del Partido Republicano, firmada en julio pasado por el presidente Donald Trump, prohíbe que ciertas categorías de inmigrantes con presencia legal 鈥� incluidos beneficiarios del estatus de protección temporal (TPS), refugiados, solicitantes de asilo, sobrevivientes de violencia doméstica, víctimas de trata y personas con visas de trabajo 鈥� accedan a Medicare.

Quienes ya están en el programa, como Carranza, serán dados de baja antes del 4 de enero, una medida de legisladores republicanos para reducir el gasto de Medicare, ya que, junto con Trump, han argumentado que el dinero de los contribuyentes no debe usarse para pagar la atención médica de inmigrantes sin autorización.

“Los demócratas quieren que los inmigrantes ilegales, muchos de ellos CRIMINALES VIOLENTOS, reciban atención médica GRATIS”, dos meses después de firmar la ley. “隆No podemos permitir que esto suceda!”

Sin embargo, las categorías de inmigrantes que ahora perderán cobertura sí tienen estatus legal. Ni la Casa Blanca ni el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos (HHS) respondieron a una pregunta sobre si era justo sacar de Medicare a residentes legales.

Los inmigrantes sin estatus legal ya no eran elegibles para Medicare ni para la mayoría de los beneficios públicos financiados por el gobierno federal.

Carranza teme que también pueda perder el permiso legal para vivir en Estados Unidos si la administración Trump pone fin al TPS para salvadoreños, como intentó hacer durante .

Si eso ocurre, Carranza perdería su residencia legal y podría estar en riesgo de pasar tiempo en un centro de detención migratorio o ser deportada.

“Esto es como una película de terror, una pesadilla completa”, dijo Carranza. “No es así como imaginé envejecer”.

“Bajo ataque constante”

Carranza dejó El Salvador en 1991 durante una guerra civil brutal, dejando atrás a tres hijos pequeños, para ganar dinero y enviarlo a su familia. Permaneció en el país después de que venciera su visa hasta 2001, cuando calificó para el TPS, luego de dos terremotos que azotaron El Salvador, y desplazando a 1,3 millones.

El TPS fue aprobado por el Congreso y promulgado en 1990 por el presidente republicano George H.W. Bush.

Este estatus permite que personas como Carranza, provenientes de ciertos países afectados por conflictos armados, guerras civiles o desastres climáticos, vivan y trabajen en Estados Unidos, si regresar a su país representa un riesgo.

Carranza se perdió la graduación de jardín de infantes de su hija menor y su primera medalla en atletismo. Trabajó turnos nocturnos cuidando recién nacidos y luego como maestra sustituta en escuelas públicas del Área de la Bahía de San Francisco para pagar la educación de sus hijos en El Salvador, así como sus propios estudios en el City College of San Francisco, donde obtuvo un título en desarrollo infantil.

También cuidó a decenas de niños de 3, 4 y 5 años que miraban con asombro mientras descubrían pequeños tesoros en el bosque de secuoyas del parque de Oakland donde cofundó Escuelita del Bosque, un preescolar de inmersión en español que enseña al aire libre.

Se suponía que la recompensa sería una jubilación tranquila. Pero el Congreso limitó la elegibilidad de Medicare a ciudadanos, residentes permanentes legales, nacionales cubanos y haitianos, y personas amparadas por los Compacts of Free Association, acuerdos entre Estados Unidos y naciones insulares del Pacífico.

La medida siguió a los intentos de Trump de excluir a algunos inmigrantes con presencia legal de Medicaid, de los subsidios en el mercado de seguros de salud y de servicios de apoyo social, como asistencia alimentaria, ayuda para vivienda y visitas médicas en centros de salud financiados por el gobierno federal. En total, se proyectaba que 1,4 millones de inmigrantes con presencia legal perderían el seguro de salud, según 麻豆女优, una organización sin fines de lucro de información de salud que incluye a 麻豆女优 Health News.

Taylor Haulsee, vocero del presidente de la Cámara de Representantes, Mike Johnson, no respondió a solicitudes de comentarios.

Michael Cannon, director de estudios de política de salud en el Cato Institute, un centro de tendencia libertaria, dijo que los republicanos querían implementar recortes de impuestos y eliminar el seguro de salud para inmigrantes porque no afectaría a su base.

“No quieren convertir a Estados Unidos en un imán de asistencia social”, opinó. “Y les molesta que el gobierno les haga pagar por un estado de bienestar”.

Aunque no hay datos sobre inmigrantes con presencia legal, los inmigrantes sin papeles aportaron y $25,7 mil millones al Seguro Social en 2022, según el Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy.

La Oficina de Presupuesto del Congreso estimó que solo las restricciones a Medicare reducirían el gasto federal en para 2034.

Expertos en salud dicen que eliminar la cobertura para inmigrantes con estatus legal .

“En realidad, esta es la primera vez que el Congreso le quita Medicare a algún grupo”, dijo Drishti Pillai, directora de políticas de salud para inmigrantes en 麻豆女优. “Este cambio está afectando a inmigrantes con presencia legal en Estados Unidos, muchos de los cuales ya han trabajado y contribuido al sistema durante décadas”.

A medida que adultos mayores como Carranza pierdan su cobertura de Medicare, los médicos anticipan que retrasarán su atención, lo que llevará a un aumento de pacientes gravemente enfermos, especialmente en salas de emergencia.

Los adultos mayores pueden enfermarse de forma repentina y rápida, y son más vulnerables a enfermedades cardiovasculares como afecciones del corazón y presión arterial alta, especialmente si posponen la atención de rutina, dijo Theresa Cheng, médica de emergencias en Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital y profesora clínica adjunta de medicina de emergencias en la Universidad de California-San Francisco.

“Es bastante fácil que sufran un deterioro crítico de su salud”, dijo Cheng.

Carranza hace senderismo y se considera saludable, pero reconoce que está envejeciendo y comenzando a tener dificultades para seguir el ritmo de los niños en el bosque.

A finales del año pasado le diagnosticaron hipertensión, y en enero despertó con una presión en el pecho y fue a un centro de urgencias porque su presión había subido a niveles peligrosos. Unas semanas después, tropezó mientras caminaba y se cayó. Al día siguiente despertó con el pie hinchado. En el hospital local, un médico le dijo que tenía artritis.

Dijo que fueron momentos preocupantes, pero estaba agradecida de pagar solo $10 por la visita a urgencias y $5 por ver a su médico de atención primaria. Sin embargo, eso cambiará cuando pierda Medicare a principios del próximo año.

El estrés de saber que perderá su seguro de salud y posiblemente su estatus legal, mientras agentes federales detienen a inmigrantes como ella en todo el país, ha afectado su salud mental, contó. Está buscando terapia y servicios de acupuntura para tratar su insomnio y ansiedad, y la sensación de estar “bajo un ataque constante”.

Sin un lugar a donde ir

En California, hogar del mayor número de , Carranza podría haberse inscrito en un seguro patrocinado por el estado, pero este año la inscripción para adultos de 19 años o más que tienen TPS, están en el país sin autorización o son solicitantes de asilo. Otros estados con gobernadores demócratas como también han reducido sus programas de salud para inmigrantes por presiones presupuestarias.

En enero, el gobernador de California, Gavin Newsom, propuso un presupuesto estatal que no compensaría los recortes federales de atención médica para unos 200.000 inmigrantes con presencia legal, señalando el costo anual de $1.1 mil millones y déficits presupuestarios estatales.

“Dadas estas presiones fiscales, la administración no puede compensar este cambio en la política federal”, dijo H.D. Palmer, vocero del Departamento de Finanzas de California.

Pero algunos legisladores demócratas y defensores de los consumidores dicen que el estado debería intervenir. La asambleísta Mia Bonta, quien preside el Comité de Salud de la Asamblea, dijo que está trabajando en una solución presupuestaria legislativa para incluir en Medi-Cal 鈥� la versión estatal de Medicaid 鈥� a los inmigrantes que perderán su cobertura, incluidos los adultos mayores.

La demócrata de East Bay está especialmente preocupada por personas como Carranza, “que han vivido aquí durante décadas y han contribuido a esta economía, que han aportado a nuestro tejido cultural y a nuestras comunidades, que han formado familias y vidas y que ahora quieren tener la posibilidad de retirarse con dignidad y vivir con dignidad y tener la atención médica que necesitan”.

Una señal del futuro

En abril pasado, Carranza vislumbró lo que podría significar perder su cobertura de salud y beneficios de jubilación, después de que la Administración del Seguro Social le enviara una carta informándole que ya no calificaba para beneficios de jubilación porque no tenía presencia legal en el país, aunque sí la tenía. Luego Medicare dejó de pagar a su plan de salud, que como resultado la dio de baja.

Como beneficiaria de TPS con permiso de trabajo, sabía que se trataba de un error. Aun así, sin su cheque, Carranza no tuvo dinero para pagar la renta durante un mes. Compensó ese pago cuidando a los hijos de sus arrendadores. En mayo pasado, la oficina de la representante federal Lateefah Simon (demócrata de Oakland) ayudó a Carranza a recuperar sus beneficios de jubilación, pero tomó meses recuperar su seguro de salud.

La experiencia la dejó afectada.

“Es como recibir una bofetada en la cara después de más de 30 años trabajando para el sistema aquí”, dijo Carranza. “Y a cambio, esto es lo que tenemos ahora”.

Por las noches permanece despierta imaginando el futuro: aquí, donde ha pasado la mitad de su vida, sin seguro de salud y posiblemente sin beneficios del Seguro Social; o en El Salvador, donde están dos de sus tres hijos. Su hija, residente permanente que vive en Texas, espera convertirse en ciudadana para poder solicitar la residencia permanente para Carranza, pero el proceso puede tardar años.

También está la posibilidad que más teme: la detención indefinida o la deportación.

En una mañana reciente en su estudio en el sótano en Oakland, Carranza sacó una caja del fondo de su clóset. Dentro había una pila alta de tarjetas de identificación que incluían licencias de conducir antiguas, su tarjeta del Seguro Social y decenas de permisos de trabajo emitidos por el gobierno federal.

“Mi vida está en esta caja”, dijo.

Este artículo fue producido en colaboración con , una organización cívico-mediática que sirve y cubre a las comunidades inmigrantes latinas y mayas del Área de la Bahía.

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Pero, siete meses después, los resultados de cinco estados compartidos con 麻豆女优 Health News muestran que las revisiones han encontrado poca evidencia de que este sea un problema generalizado.

Solo los ciudadanos de Estados Unidos y algunos inmigrantes con presencia legal pueden acceder a Medicaid, que cubre costos de atención médica para personas con bajos ingresos y discapacidades, así como al Programa de Seguro Médico Infantil (CHIP, por sus siglas en inglés). Ambos programas son administrados por los estados.

Voceros de las agencias de Medicaid de Pennsylvania y Colorado dijeron que, hasta marzo, los estados no habían encontrado a nadie que debiera ser dado de baja de Medicaid. Esto después de revisar un total combinado de 79.000 nombres.

A solicitud de la administración Trump, Texas revisó los registros de más de 28.000 inscritos en Medicaid y canceló la cobertura de 77, según Jennifer Ruffcorn, vocera del Departamento de Servicios Humanos de Texas.

Ohio ha revisado 65.000 inscritos en Medicaid, de los cuales 260 personas fueron dadas de baja del programa, dijo Stephanie O’Grady, vocera del Departamento de Medicaid de ese estado.

En Utah, 42 de los 8.000 inscritos identificados por la administración Trump perdieron su cobertura de Medicaid, dijo Becky Wickstrom, vocera del Departamento de Servicios Laborales estatal.

Al anunciar las revisiones, Robert F. Kennedy Jr., secretario del Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos (HHS), dijo: “Estamos reforzando la supervisión de las inscripciones para proteger el dinero de los contribuyentes y garantizar que estos programas vitales sirvan solo a quienes realmente cumplen con los requisitos de la ley”.

Leonardo Cuello, profesor de investigación en el Centro para Niños y Familias de la Universidad de Georgetown, indicó que las revisiones ordenadas por los Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid (CMS) eran innecesarias porque los estados verifican el estatus migratorio cuando las personas se inscriben.

“Es totalmente predecible que todas estas revisiones, que imponen una carga a los estados por parte del gobierno federal, no arrojen resultados”, dijo Cuello. “Los estados ya habían hecho las revisiones una vez, y los CMS solo los estaba obligando a verificar de nuevo la misma información. Hacer que los estados pasen por el mismo proceso burocrático dos veces es increíblemente ineficiente y una manera de malgastar dinero”.

Chris Krepich, vocero de los CMS, dijo en un comunicado a 麻豆女优 Health News que las verificaciones en curso están confirmando la elegibilidad “de ciertos inscritos cuyo estatus no pudo ser confirmado mediante fuentes de datos federales”.

“Los CMS proporcionan a los estados informes periódicos para revisiones de seguimiento, y los estados son responsables de verificar de forma independiente la elegibilidad y tomar las medidas apropiadas de acuerdo con los requisitos federales”, agregó.

Sin embargo, los hallazgos compartidos con 麻豆女优 Health News también sugieren que muchos de los inscritos, cuyo estatus la administración Trump dijo no poder confirmar, son ciudadanos de Estados Unidos.

O’Grady dijo que Ohio encontró que, de los 65.000 nombres enviados por el gobierno federal, el estado ya tenía información sobre 53.000 que confirmaba que eran ciudadanos y otros 11.000 con estatus migratorio adecuado para Medicaid.

Luego, los trabajadores de casos revisaron los 1.000 nombres restantes para evaluar su información o solicitar más detalles, dijo.

Los CMS no respondieron preguntas sobre los hallazgos de los estados analizados por 麻豆女优 Health News ni proporcionaron información sobre las respuestas recibidas de los 50 estados y el Distrito de Columbia, a los que se les ordenó realizar las verificaciones.

La agencia tampoco respondió a una pregunta sobre si está enviando los nombres de las personas cuya cobertura de Medicaid fue cancelada a las autoridades federales de inmigración.

En junio, asesores de Kennedy ordenaron a los CMS compartir información sobre los inscritos en Medicaid con el Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS), lo que provocó una demanda de algunos estados preocupados de que la administración usara la información para su campaña de deportaciones contra personas que viven en Estados Unidos sin autorización.

Un juez federal que los trabajadores del Servicio de Inmigración y Control de Aduanas (ICE) podían acceder solo a información sobre personas en el país sin autorización en las bases de datos de Medicaid de los estados que presentaron la demanda.

Los CMS siguen enviando a los estados listas de nombres al menos cada pocos meses, aunque funcionarios estatales dicen que las cifras han disminuido desde la primera tanda de envíos el verano pasado.

Las personas sin estatus legal no pueden acceder a cobertura de salud financiada con fondos federales, incluyendo Medicaid, Medicare y los planes de los mercados de la Ley de Cuidado de Salud a Bajo Precio (ACA). Medicaid sí reembolsa a los hospitales por brindar atención de emergencia a personas sin papeles si cumplen con los requisitos de ingresos y otros criterios del programa.

Siete estados y el Distrito de Columbia ofrecen cobertura de salud sin importar el estatus migratorio, financiando los programas con sus propios recursos.

En marzo de 2025, los CMS iniciaron revisiones financieras de esos programas. “Los CMS han identificado más de $1.800 millones en fondos federales que están siendo recuperados mediante devoluciones voluntarias y aplazamientos de pagos federales futuros de Medicaid”, dijo Krepich. No respondió cuánto se ha recuperado hasta ahora ni de qué estados.

El gasto total de Medicaid superó los $900.000 millones en el año fiscal 2024.

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Dressed in hiking gear and beaded necklaces, Carranza, 67, maneuvered between trees and children on a sunny morning in December. “Hold on to that branch,” she said in Spanish. “You can do it, my love!”

Carranza, a child development professional who grew up swinging through trees and swimming in rivers in El Salvador, said she feels at home in the forest at the outdoor preschool she co-founded. She has worked with children and teens as a caregiver and educator for more than three decades, long enough to know when to lean in and when to step back to let her students find their own footing.

When she transitioned to working part-time last year, Carranza counted on getting Medicare and Social Security checks 鈥� benefits given to American workers and lawfully present immigrants when they retire, work history and age or disability requirements. She’s contributed tens of thousands of dollars into Medicare and Social Security over 24 years, according to her Social Security Administration earnings record, reviewed by El Tímpano and 麻豆女优 Health News. But Carranza and an estimated immigrants will soon be cut out of Medicare.

The GOP’s One Big Beautiful Bill Act, signed last July by President Donald Trump, barred certain categories of lawfully present immigrants 鈥� including temporary protected status holders, refugees, asylum-seekers, survivors of domestic violence, trafficking victims, and people with work visas 鈥� from Medicare.

Those already in the program, like Carranza, will be disenrolled by Jan. 4 鈥� a move by Republican lawmakers to rein in Medicare spending, as they and Trump have argued that taxpayer dollars should not be used to pay for the health care of immigrants in the U.S. without authorization.

“The Democrats want Illegal Aliens, many of them VIOLENT CRIMINALS, to receive FREE Healthcare,” Trump two months after he signed the bill into law. “We cannot let this happen!”

However, the categories of immigrants now losing coverage do have legal status. Neither the White House nor the Department of Health and Human Services responded to a question about whether it was fair to disenroll legal residents from Medicare.

Immigrants without legal status were already ineligible for Medicare or most other federally funded public benefits.

Carranza is worried that she could also lose legal permission to live in the United States if the Trump administration ends temporary protected status for Salvadorans, as it sought to do during .

If that happened, Carranza would lose legal residency, risking time in an immigration detention center or deportation.

“This is like a horror movie, a complete nightmare,” Carranza said. “This is not how I imagined getting old.”

鈥楿nder Constant Attack’

Carranza left El Salvador in 1991 during a brutal civil war, leaving behind three young children, to earn money to send home to her family. She overstayed her visa until 2001, when she qualified for temporary protected status, after two earthquakes struck El Salvador, and displacing 1.3 million.

Temporary protected status, or TPS, was passed by Congress and signed into law by Republican President George H.W. Bush in 1990.

It allows people such as Carranza, from select nations undergoing armed conflict, civil war, and climate disasters, to live and work in the United States if being in their home country poses a risk.

Carranza missed her youngest daughter’s graduation from kindergarten and first medal-winning performance in track. She worked overnight shifts babysitting newborns and later substitute-taught in public schools in the San Francisco Bay Area to pay for her children’s schooling in El Salvador, and for her own classes at City College of San Francisco, where she earned a degree in child development.

And she cared for dozens of 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds who gazed in awe as they uncovered little treasures buried in the redwood forest of the Oakland park where she co-founded Escuelita del Bosque, a Spanish immersion preschool that teaches children outdoors.

The trade-off was supposed to be a peaceful retirement. But Congress narrowed Medicare eligibility to citizens, lawful permanent residents, Cuban and Haitian nationals, and people covered under the Compacts of Free Association, agreements between the United States and Pacific island nations.

The move followed Trump’s efforts to bar some lawfully present immigrants from Medicaid, marketplace insurance subsidies, and social support services, such as food assistance, housing subsidies, and medical visits in federally funded health centers. Altogether, 1.4 million lawfully present immigrants were projected to lose health insurance, according to 麻豆女优, a health information nonprofit that includes 麻豆女优 Health News.

A spokesperson for House Speaker Mike Johnson, Taylor Haulsee, did not respond to requests for comment.

Michael Cannon, director of health policy studies at the Cato Institute, a libertarian think tank, said Republicans wanted to enact tax cuts and eliminate health insurance for immigrants because it wouldn’t upset their base.

“They don’t want to turn the United States into a welfare magnet,” he said. “And they resent the government for making them pay for a welfare state.”

While data on lawfully present immigrants is not available, immigrants without legal status and $25.7 billion into Social Security in 2022, according to the Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy. The Congressional Budget Office estimated that the Medicare restrictions alone would reduce federal spending by 2034.

Health experts say eliminating coverage for immigrants with legal status .

“This is actually the first time that Congress has taken away Medicare from any group,” said Drishti Pillai, director of immigrant health policy at 麻豆女优. “This change is impacting immigrants who have lawful presence in the U.S., and many of whom have already worked and paid into the system for decades.”

As older adults like Carranza lose their Medicare coverage, clinicians anticipate that they will delay their care, leading to an increase in severely ill patients, especially in hospital emergency rooms.

Seniors can become sick suddenly and quickly, and they are more vulnerable to cardiovascular diseases such as heart disease and high blood pressure, especially if they put off routine care, said Theresa Cheng, an emergency physician at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and assistant clinical professor of emergency medicine at the University of California-San Francisco.

“It’s quite easy for them to fall off the cliff,” Cheng said.

Carranza hikes and considers herself healthy, but she acknowledges that she is aging and starting to struggle to keep up with the kids in the forest.

Late last year she was diagnosed with high blood pressure, and in January she woke up with a tight chest and went to urgent care because it had spiked to dangerous levels. A few weeks later, she tripped on a curb while walking and fell to the ground. She woke up the next day with a swollen foot. A doctor at the local hospital told her she had arthritis.

These were scary moments, she said, but she was grateful to have to pay only $10 for the urgent care visit and $5 to see her primary care doctor. However, that will change when she loses Medicare by early next year.

The stress of knowing she will lose health insurance coverage, and potentially her legal status, all while masked federal agents are detaining immigrants like her across the country, has taken a toll on her mental health, she said. She is searching for a therapist and acupuncture services to treat her insomnia and anxiety 鈥� and the feeling that she is “under constant attack.”

Nowhere To Turn

In California, home to the largest number of , Carranza could have enrolled in state-sponsored insurance, but this year the state for adults 19 and older who are a TPS holder, in the U.S. without authorization, or an asylum-seeker. Other states with Democratic governors such as have also scaled back their health programs for immigrants amid budget pressures.

In January, California Gov. Gavin Newsom proposed a state budget that would not backfill federal health care cuts to about 200,000 lawfully present immigrants, noting the $1.1 billion annual price tag and state budget shortfalls.

“Given these fiscal pressures, the administration cannot backfill for this change in federal policy,” California Department of Finance spokesperson H.D. Palmer said.

But some Democratic lawmakers and consumer advocates say the state should step in. State Assembly member Mia Bonta, who chairs the Assembly’s health committee, said she is working on a legislative budget solution to bring immigrants who will lose health coverage, including older adults, into Medi-Cal, the state’s version of Medicaid.

The East Bay Democrat is especially concerned for people like Carranza, “who have lived here for decades and contributed into this economy, who have given into our cultural fabric and into our communities and who built families and lives and who are now wanting to be able to retire with dignity and live with dignity and have the health care that they need.”

A Sign of the Future

Last April, Carranza got a glimpse of what losing her health coverage and retirement benefits could look like, after the Social Security Administration sent her a letter informing her that she no longer qualified for retirement benefits because she was not lawfully present in the U.S. 鈥� even though she was. Then Medicare stopped payments to her health plan, which disenrolled her as a result.

As a TPS holder with a work permit, she knew a mistake had been made. Yet, without her check, Carranza didn’t have money to pay her rent for a month. She worked off her rent by babysitting her landlords’ children. Last May, the office of U.S. Rep. Lateefah Simon, an Oakland Democrat, helped Carranza recover her retirement benefits, but it took months for her to get her health insurance back.

The experience left her reeling.

“It’s like getting slapped on the face after more than 30 years working for the system here,” Carranza said. “And in return, this is what we have now.”

She lies awake at night imagining the future: here, where she’s spent half her life, without health insurance and possibly Social Security benefits; or in El Salvador, where two of her three children remain. Her daughter, a green-card holder who lives in Texas, hopes to become a citizen so she can petition for permanent residency for Carranza, but the process can take years. Then there’s the possibility she fears most: indefinite detention or deportation.

On a recent morning in her basement studio in Oakland, Carranza pulled a box from the back of her closet. In it was a thick stack of identification cards that included old driver’s licenses, her Social Security card, and dozens of work IDs issued by the federal government.

“My life is in that box,” she said.

This article was produced in collaboration with聽, a civic media organization serving and covering the Bay Area’s Latino and Mayan immigrant communities.

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But seven months later, findings from five states shared with 麻豆女优 Health News show that the reviews have uncovered little evidence of a widespread problem.

Only U.S. citizens and some lawfully present immigrants are eligible for Medicaid, which covers health care costs for people with low incomes and disabilities, and the closely related Children’s Health Insurance Program. Both programs are administered by states.

Spokespeople from Pennsylvania’s and Colorado’s Medicaid agencies said, as of March, the states had found no one who needed to be terminated from Medicaid. That was after checking a combined 79,000 names.

Texas has reviewed records of more than 28,000 Medicaid enrollees at the Trump administration’s request and terminated coverage for 77 of them, according to Jennifer Ruffcorn, a spokesperson for the Texas Department of Human Services.

Ohio has checked 65,000 Medicaid enrollees, of which 260 people were disenrolled from the program, said Stephanie O’Grady, a spokesperson for the Ohio Department of Medicaid.

In Utah, 42 of the 8,000 enrollees identified by the Trump administration had their Medicaid coverage terminated, said Becky Wickstrom, a spokesperson for the state’s Department of Workforce Services.

In announcing the reviews, Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. said: “We are tightening oversight of enrollment to safeguard taxpayer dollars and guarantee that these vital programs serve only those who are truly eligible under the law.”

Leonardo Cuello, a research professor at Georgetown University’s Center for Children and Families, said the reviews ordered by the federal Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services were unneeded because states check immigration status when people sign up.

“It is entirely predictable that all of these burdensome reviews that the federal government is forcing upon states would yield no pay dirt,” Cuello said. “The states had already done the reviews once, and CMS was just making them reverify the same information they had already checked. Making states go through the same bureaucratic process twice is incredibly wasteful and inefficient.”

CMS spokesperson Chris Krepich said in a statement to 麻豆女优 Health News that the ongoing checks are verifying eligibility “for certain enrollees whose status could not be confirmed through federal data sources.”

“CMS provides states with regular reports for follow-up review, and states are responsible for independently verifying eligibility and taking appropriate action consistent with federal requirements,” he said.

But the findings shared with 麻豆女优 Health News also suggest that many of the enrollees whose eligibility the Trump administration said it could not confirm are indeed U.S. citizens. O’Grady said Ohio found that, of the 65,000 names referred by the federal government, the state already had information on 53,000 confirming them as citizens and an additional 11,000 showing appropriate immigration status for Medicaid.

Caseworkers then worked on the remaining 1,000 names to review their information or reach out for more details, she said.

CMS did not answer questions about the findings from the states sampled by 麻豆女优 Health News or provide information about responses it received from all 50 states and the District of Columbia, which were instructed to perform verification checks.

The agency also did not respond to a question about whether it’s forwarding the names of those whose Medicaid coverage was terminated to federal immigration officials.

In June, advisers to Kennedy ordered CMS to share information about Medicaid enrollees with the Department of Homeland Security, prompting a lawsuit by some states alarmed that the administration would use the information for its deportation campaign against residents living in the U.S. without authorization.

A federal judge that Immigration and Customs Enforcement workers could access information only about people in the country unlawfully in the Medicaid databases of the states that sued.

CMS continues to send states lists of names at least every few months, though state officials say the numbers have declined since the first batch last summer.

People without legal status are ineligible for federally funded health coverage, including Medicaid, Medicare, and plans through the Affordable Care Act marketplaces. Medicaid does reimburse hospitals for providing emergency care to people without legal status if they meet income and other program requirements.

Seven states and the District of Columbia provide health coverage regardless of immigration status, funding the programs with their own money.

In March 2025, CMS began financial reviews of those programs. “CMS has identified over $1.8 billion in federal funds that are being recouped through voluntary returns and deferrals of future federal Medicaid payments,” Krepich said. He did not answer how much has been collected so far or from which states.

Medicaid’s overall spending topped $900 billion in fiscal year 2024.

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In one example, a dad went to an Immigration and Customs Enforcement office in New Mexico, thinking he was going for an interview about reuniting with his children. Instead, agents put him in chains and sent him to a detention center. His 15-year-old son and 16-year-old daughter have now been in a federal shelter in Texas for more than a year.聽

I spoke by phone with the father while he was at an immigration detention center in El Paso, Texas, where he was held for several months. He told me he was tricked. “They used my children to grab me.”聽

What happened to him isn’t isolated. My colleagues Renuka Rayasam and Amanda Seitz and I found that federal law enforcement agencies are coordinating with the resettlement office to detain and deport immigrant caregivers. Attorneys say many, like this dad, are being arrested while trying to reunite with their kids.聽

HHS, the Department of Homeland Security, and the Justice Department did not respond to questions about caregiver arrests.

Over two decades ago, Congress gave the HHS resettlement office responsibility for caring for children without legal status who arrive at the U.S. border alone or without a legal guardian, often fleeing violence, abuse, or persecution in their home countries.聽

The move was intended to protect some of the most vulnerable immigrants. Lawmakers expected children’s well-being to be prioritized over immigration enforcement.聽

But since President Donald Trump took office, that priority has shifted. As a result, children are languishing for months in government shelters and foster care, while their relatives are detained and deported. Some children are losing hope.聽

In statements shared through attorneys, the daughter in Texas said she no longer wants to be around others and spends most of the time in her room. The son described having panic attacks and feeling that he’s missing out on life, whether it’s the opportunities he longs for 鈥� to learn English, to study science 鈥� or watching basketball with his family.聽

Government shelters often lack sufficient resources, , and social workers say lengthy stays in these facilities can result in additional trauma.聽

Their dad was released on bond this month after a federal judge said officials had unlawfully detained him.聽

He will have to redo much of the process to reunite with his children.聽

“This operation is designed to force parents to make an impossible choice between reuniting with their children and seeking safety,” said one of the dad’s attorneys, Chiqui Sanchez Kennedy of the Galveston-Houston Immigrant Representation Project, a nonprofit that helps low-income immigrants.

麻豆女优 Health News is a national newsroom that produces in-depth journalism about health issues and is one of the core operating programs at 麻豆女优鈥攁n independent source of health policy research, polling, and journalism. Learn more about .

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“Se siente como si me estuviera asfixiando dentro de este albergue, atrapado sin salida”, dijo el hijo de Carlos cuando le pidieron describir cómo se sentía luego de meses en la instalación en el área de Houston, según contó uno de los abogados de los adolescentes. “Todos los días, la misma rutina. Todos los días, sintiéndome atrapado. Me hace sentir aterrado y sin esperanza”.

Durante llamadas diarias por video, Carlos, quien tenía estatus de protección temporal (TPS), les pedía a los hermanos que tuvieran paciencia, que confiaran en el proceso.

Funcionarios federales habían evaluado a Carlos antes de otorgarle la custodia y le dijeron que su caso estaba completo. Él creía que pronto estaría de nuevo con sus hijos, quienes, al igual que él, habían llegado a Estados Unidos huyendo de la violencia política en Venezuela.

Un oficial de inmigración llamó a Carlos un viernes y le pidió que fuera el lunes a una reunión en una oficina del ICE para hablar sobre la reunificación con sus hijos. Cuando llegó, los oficiales intentaron obligarlo a firmar documentos que dijo no entender. Cuando se negó, le quitaron la ropa, le confiscaron su identificación y sus pertenencias y lo encadenaron por el cuello, la cintura y las piernas.

“Me engañaron”, dijo Carlos en una llamada telefónica desde un centro de detención migratoria en El Paso, Texas, donde estuvo retenido durante varios meses. “Usaron a mis hijos para atraparme”, agregó.

Durante la cobertura de esta historia, 麻豆女优 Health News revisó documentos judiciales, habló con los abogados de inmigración de la familia, entrevistó a Carlos y revisó declaraciones de sus hijos, traducidas del español.

Carlos es un seudónimo que se ha usado a pedido de los abogados: les preocupa que hablar públicamente pueda poner en riesgo el caso o retrasar aún más la reunificación familiar.

Usar a los hijos para arrestar a los padres

Desde 2003, la Oficina de Reasentamiento de Refugiados del Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos (HHS) ha cuidado a niños migrantes menores de 18 años que llegan al país sin sus padres, a menudo huyendo de la violencia, el abuso o el tráfico humano. La oficina, que en febrero tenía más de 2.300 niños en albergues o con familias temporales en todo el país, se supone que debe liberarlos rápidamente con cuidadores evaluados, generalmente padres u otros familiares que ya viven en el país.

El Congreso asignó esta responsabilidad a la agencia de salud hace más de 20 años para priorizar el bienestar de los niños no acompañados y separar su cuidado de las prioridades de control migratorio.

Ahora, la segunda administración de Trump está usando a niños migrantes bajo custodia de la agencia para atraer a padres, como Carlos, tengan o no antecedentes penales.

Una investigación de 麻豆女优 Health News encontró que la oficina de reasentamiento, , coordina con el Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS) el arresto de personas que buscan la custodia de niños migrantes.

Documentos de arrestos muestran que Investigaciones de Seguridad Nacional (HSI), la división de la agencia que normalmente se enfoca en el crimen organizado y en traficantes, entrevista a padres u otros cuidadores y luego los arresta si están en el país sin autorización legal.

Antes del regreso de Donald Trump a la Casa Blanca, la oficina de reasentamiento prohibía compartir datos y colaborar con las autoridades migratorias y no negaba la custodia de niños únicamente por el estatus migratorio de los cuidadores. el año pasado.

No está claro cuántos cuidadores han sido atraídos bajo falsos pretextos para ser arrestados. que indican que más de 100 fueron detenidos mientras intentaban sacar a sus hijos de la detención, pero 麻豆女优 Health News no pudo verificar de manera independiente esa cifra con agencias federales.

El HHS, el DHS y el Departamento de Justicia (DOJ) no han respondido a preguntas sobre arrestos de cuidadores que se les han remitido desde febrero.

Antes de dejar el DHS el mes pasado, la subsecretaria Tricia McLaughlin dijo que la administración protege a los niños de ser entregados a personas que no deberían cuidarlos. Andrew Nixon, vocero del HHS, remitió las preguntas relacionadas con la aplicación de leyes migratorias al DHS.

Al mismo tiempo, la oficina de reasentamiento que dificultan que los cuidadores obtengan la custodia de niños no acompañados. Estas incluyen reducir el tipo de documentos que se aceptan, exigir verificaciones de antecedentes con huellas dactilares para todos los adultos que vivan en el hogar y para otros cuidadores, y requerir citas en persona para verificar documentos de identidad, a veces con agentes del ICE presentes. Estos requisitos mantienen a los “niños seguros de traficantes y otras personas peligrosas”, dijo Nixon.

Hasta enero, la agencia había retenido a al menos 300 niños que ya habían sido ubicados con patrocinadores evaluados y había pedido a sus cuidadores que volvieran a solicitar la custodia, según el National Center for Youth Law y la Democracy Forward Foundation. Estos dos grupos presentaron calificando estas acciones como “una nueva forma silenciosa de separación familiar”.

Separación a la inversa

Dulce, una madre guatemalteca en Virginia, dijo que a su hijo de 8 años lo enviaron a un albergue del gobierno después de ser detenido durante una parada de tráfico el verano pasado, mientras visitaba a familiares en otro estado.

Al principio, Dulce esperaba recuperar a su hijo en pocos días: había cumplido con los requisitos de patrocinio del gobierno en 2024 y se había reunido con él tres semanas después de que el niño cruzara la frontera. Pero funcionarios de la agencia de reasentamiento le pidieron repetir todo el proceso y volver a presentar documentos, dijo Dulce. Tardó ocho meses en recuperarlo.

Dulce es un seudónimo utilizado a petición suya porque teme que hablar públicamente la ponga en riesgo de deportación.

En un momento, le pidieron que fuera a una entrevista en una oficina del ICE para mostrar su identificación como parte del proceso de reunificación con su hijo. Ella se negó por miedo a que la detuvieran, ya que no tiene estatus legal. Cree que agentes del ICE visitaron su casa en algún momento.

“Dejé de ir a mi casa”, dijo Dulce. “Viví con algunos de mis amigos por días”.

Aunque vivía a solo 45 minutos, a Dulce solo se le permitió visitar a su hijo dos veces al mes.

Hasta hace poco, la mayoría de los niños no acompañados llegaban a la custodia del gobierno luego de ser detenidos en la frontera. Pero los cruces fronterizos comenzaron a disminuir en 2024 y el número de personas que llegan a Estados Unidos ha caído de forma importante durante el segundo mandato del presidente Trump.

Ahora, cientos de niños han sido llevados a albergues del gobierno después de ser detenidos dentro del país, en general durante redadas migratorias o paradas de tráfico, según la demanda de los grupos defensores. Muchos ya vivían con familiares, incluidos tutores previamente evaluados por la agencia de reasentamiento.

Ya casi no hay liberaciones. Según la oficina de reasentamiento, en 2024 los niños bajo su custodia permanecían en albergues o en cuidado temporal por un promedio de un mes. En febrero, ese tiempo había aumentado a más de medio año.

Generalmente se libera a los niños solo después de que sus abogados presentan una demanda en un tribunal federal impugnando su detención como inconstitucional.

Las autoridades liberaron al hijo de Dulce en febrero después de que los abogados del niño presentaron una petición de este tipo. La mujer dijo que se siente aliviada de tenerlo de vuelta, pero sigue con miedo de que el ICE pueda llegar a su casa.

Inmigrantes en riesgo

Durante el primer mandato de Trump, su administración fue criticada por de niños que habían sido liberados de custodia. El presidente Joe Biden fue cuestionado por la forma en que su administración manejó el aumento de niños no acompañados, que alcanzó un pico en 2021 con alrededor de 22.000 bajo custodia de la oficina de reasentamiento.

Aunque la mayoría fueron recibidos por patrocinadores legítimos, algunos fueron entregados a personas que no habían pasado , lo que los puso en .

La administración Trump dice que está verificando y el Departamento de Justicia ha procesado de .

El 1 de marzo, la secretaria de Seguridad Nacional, Kristi Noem, quien a finales de mes, destacó un , incluida la oficina de reasentamiento, que, según el DHS, había localizado a 145.000 niños no acompañados que habían sido entregados a cuidadores durante el mandato de Biden.

Sin embargo, informes internos del HHS sobre esa iniciativa obtenidos por 麻豆女优 Health News muestran que casi 11.800 de esos niños migrantes y cerca de 500 de sus cuidadores habían sido arrestados hasta el 29 de enero. Solo 125 de esos niños y 55 de esos cuidadores fueron arrestados por presunta actividad criminal, lo que sugiere que la mayoría fue detenida por violaciones migratorias.

El HHS remitió preguntas sobre esas cifras al DHS, que no respondió a solicitudes de comentarios. Michelle Brané, quien fue funcionaria del DHS durante la administración Biden, dijo que las cifras muestran que la mayoría de los arrestos fueron para detener y deportar migrantes. Anteriormente, que la administración apuntó a padres y cuidadores que habían pagado para que los niños cruzaran la frontera, intentando presentar cargos de tráfico de personas contra ellos.

“Han abandonado esa estrategia en muchos sentidos y ahora van tras cualquiera abiertamente”, dijo Brané. “Estas cifras reflejan claramente que esto no se trata de seguridad pública ni de la seguridad de los niños”.

Caso en espera

Carlos salió de Venezuela en 2022 debido a amenazas de muerte y, como miles de otros que huían de ese país, recibió lo que se conoce como estatus de protección temporal durante la administración Biden. Esa protección fue para la mayoría de los venezolanos por el gobierno de Trump.

En enero de 2025, días antes de que Trump asumiera su segundo mandato, los hijos de Carlos cruzaron la frontera desde México hacia Estados Unidos, se entregaron a las autoridades fronterizas y fueron puestos de inmediato bajo custodia de la agencia de reasentamiento.

Carlos pasó meses enviando documentos para reunirse con ellos. Dijo que es su único padre, ya que la madre los abandonó cuando eran pequeños.

Funcionarios visitaron su casa dos veces y determinaron que era apto para cuidarlos, según documentos judiciales que solicitaban su liberación. Pasó pruebas de ADN que confirmaron que es el padre biológico, dijo uno de sus abogados. Sus documentos indican que no tiene “antecedentes penales”. En julio, a Carlos le dijeron que su caso de reunificación estaba completo y en proceso de aprobación. Pero luego, sin explicación, el caso fue puesto en espera.

Antes de que el ICE lo arrestara, Carlos dijo que manejaba 14 horas de ida y 14 de vuelta desde su casa para visitar a sus hijos. Solo podía verlos durante una hora. Cuando estaba detenido, dijo que hablaba con ellos aproximadamente cada dos semanas en llamadas breves y supervisadas.

Intenta mantenerse la esperanza, pero es difícil.

Según documentos redactados por oficiales del ICE durante su arresto y presentados en su caso judicial, Carlos fue detenido bajo una iniciativa llamada Operation Guardian Trace, que exige a los oficiales migratorios detener a posibles cuidadores si están en el país sin autorización legal y recomendar su deportación.

“Esta operación está diseñada para obligar a los padres a tomar una decisión imposible entre reunirse con sus hijos y buscar seguridad”, dijo una de las abogadas de Carlos, Chiqui Sanchez Kennedy, del Galveston-Houston Immigrant Representation Project, una organización sin fines de lucro que ayuda a inmigrantes de bajos recursos.

“Voy a esperar”

En marzo, un juez federal determinó que Carlos había sido detenido de manera ilegal y fue liberado bajo fianza.

Pero sus hijos aún enfrentan un futuro incierto. muestran que los albergues del gobierno a menudo carecen de suficientes recursos y trabajadores sociales dicen que estadías prolongadas en estos lugares pueden causar más trauma.

“No solo es malo, sino que cuanto más tiempo estás allí, peor se vuelve”, expresó Jonathan Beier, director asociado de investigación y evaluación del programa para niños no acompañados del Acacia Center for Justice, que coordina servicios legales para estos menores.

Los hijos de Carlos también podrían ser enviados de regreso al país del que huyeron. Debido a su detención, Carlos tendrá que repetir gran parte del proceso para reunirse con ellos, según una abogada de los niños, Alexa Sendukas, también del Galveston-Houston Immigrant Representation Project.

En declaraciones compartidas a través de Sendukas, la hija de Carlos dijo que ya no quiere estar con otras personas y pasa la mayor parte del tiempo en su habitación. Su hijo, ahora de 15 años, describió tener ataques de pánico y sentir que se está perdiendo la vida, ya sean las oportunidades con las que sueña 鈥� aprender inglés, estudiar ciencia 鈥� o ver baloncesto con su familia.

“Recuerdo cuando llegué por primera vez a este albergue; tenía mucha esperanza y fe en que pronto me reuniría con mi papá”, dijo.

La hija de Carlos pasó el día llorando en la cama cuando los hermanos se enteraron de que su padre había sido detenido. Durante días, no supieron dónde estaba. Ahora, temen que la única salida sea la adopción o el cuidado temporal.

“Tengo miedo”, dijo. “Voy a esperar a mi papá siempre”.

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“I feel like I’m suffocating inside this shelter, trapped with no way out,” Carlos’ son said, according to one of the teens’ attorneys, when asked to describe how he felt after months at the Houston-area facility. “Every day, the same routine. Every day, feeling stuck. It makes me feel hopeless and terrified.”

During daily video calls, Carlos, who had temporary protected status, urged the siblings to be patient, to trust the process. Federal officials had vetted Carlos before he could be granted custody and told him his case was complete. He believed he would soon be back with his children, who, like him, had sought refuge from political violence in Venezuela. 聽

An immigration officer called Carlos on a Friday and asked him to attend a meeting at an ICE office the following Monday to discuss reunification with his children. Once Carlos arrived, officers tried to force him to sign documents he said he didn’t understand. When he refused, they stripped off his clothes, seized his ID and belongings, and chained him by the neck, waist, and legs.

“They tricked me,” Carlos said in a phone call from an immigration detention center in El Paso, Texas, where he was held for several months. “They used my children to grab me,” he said. 聽

In reporting on the family’s story, 麻豆女优 Health News reviewed court documents, spoke with the family’s immigration attorneys, interviewed Carlos, and reviewed statements from his children, translated from Spanish. Carlos is a pseudonym, being used at the request of attorneys concerned that speaking out could jeopardize Carlos’ immigration case or further delay his reunion with his family.

Using Children to Arrest Parents

Since 2003, the Department of Health and Human Services’ Office of Refugee Resettlement has cared for immigrant children under 18 who arrive in the country without their parents, often fleeing violence, abuse, or trafficking. The office, which in February had more than 2,300 children in shelters or with foster families across the country, is supposed to promptly release them to vetted caregivers, typically parents or other family members already living in the country.

Congress placed this responsibility with the health agency over 20 years ago to prioritize the well-being of unaccompanied children and separate their care from immigration enforcement priorities.

Now the second Trump administration is using migrant children held by the resettlement office to lure their parents, such as Carlos, whether or not they have a criminal record. A 麻豆女优 Health News investigation found the resettlement office, , coordinates with the Department of Homeland Security to arrest people seeking custody of migrant children.

Arrest documents show Homeland Security Investigations, the arm of the agency that normally focuses on organized criminals and traffickers, will interview parents or other caregivers then arrest them if they are in the country illegally. Before Donald Trump returned to the White House, the resettlement office prohibited data sharing and collaboration with immigration enforcement, and it did not deny caregivers custody of children solely because of their immigration status. Those last year.

It’s unclear exactly how many caregivers have been baited into arrest. LAist indicating more than 100 have been arrested while trying to get their kids out of detention, but 麻豆女优 Health News could not independently verify that number with federal agencies.

Since February, the Department of Health and Human Services, Department of Homeland Security, and Justice Department have not responded to questions about caregiver arrests. Prior to leaving DHS last month, Assistant Secretary Tricia McLaughlin said the administration protects children from being released to people who shouldn’t care for them. Andrew Nixon, an HHS spokesperson, referred questions related to immigration enforcement to DHS.

At the same time, the resettlement office has that make it harder for caregivers to gain custody of unaccompanied children. These include narrowing the range of accepted documents, requiring fingerprint-based background checks for every adult in the home and backup caregivers, and requiring in-person appointments to verify identification documents, sometimes with ICE agents present. The requirements keep “children safe from traffickers and other bad, dangerous people,” Nixon said.

As of January, the agency had detained at least 300 children already placed with vetted sponsors and asked their caregivers to reapply, according to the National Center for Youth Law and the Democracy Forward Foundation. The advocacy groups filed calling these actions “a quieter, new form of family separation.”聽

Reverse Separation

Dulce, a Guatemalan mother in Virginia, said her 8-year-old son was sent to a government shelter after he was detained during a traffic stop last summer while visiting family members in a different state.

At first, Dulce expected to get her son back within days 鈥� she had passed the government’s sponsorship requirements in 2024 and was reunited with him three weeks after he first crossed the border. But resettlement agency officials asked her to repeat the entire process and resubmit documents, Dulce said. It took eight months to get him back.

Dulce is a pseudonym being used at her request because she fears speaking out could get her deported.

At one point, Dulce was told to attend an interview at an ICE office to show her identification as part of the process of reuniting with her son. She refused out of fear that she too might be detained, because she doesn’t have legal status. She believes ICE agents visited her home at one point.

“I stopped going home,” Dulce said. “I lived with some of my friends for days.”

Even though she lived just 45 minutes away, Dulce was allowed to visit her son only twice a month.

Until recently, most unaccompanied children landed in government custody after being detained at the border. But border crossings started to fall in 2024, and the number of people coming to the U.S. has dropped precipitously in President Trump’s second term.

Now, hundreds of kids have been taken to government shelters after being swept up inside the country, often during immigration raids or traffic stops, according to the advocates’ lawsuit. Many were already living with relatives, including guardians already vetted by the resettlement agency.

Releases have grinded nearly to a halt. According to the resettlement office, children in its custody stayed in government shelters or foster care for an average of one month in 2024. As of February, that had jumped to more than half a year.

When children do get released, it’s often only after their attorneys file a lawsuit in federal court challenging their detention as unconstitutional.

Authorities released Dulce’s son to her in February after the boy’s attorneys filed such a petition. Dulce said she’s relieved to have him back but still anxious that ICE could show up at their house.

Immigrants at Risk

During Trump’s first term, his administration was criticized for of children who had been released from custody. President Joe Biden was blamed for how his administration processed a surge of unaccompanied children that peaked in 2021 with about 22,000 in the resettlement office’s custody. Though most children were placed with legitimate sponsors, some were placed with people who hadn’t cleared , putting them at risk of .

The Trump administration says it is checking on those , and the Justice Department has prosecuted . On March 1, Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem, who is set to leave her role at the , touted a , including the resettlement office, that DHS said had tracked down 145,000 unaccompanied children who had been placed with caregivers during Biden’s term.

Yet internal HHS reports about that initiative obtained by 麻豆女优 Health News show that nearly 11,800 of those migrant children and nearly 500 of their caregivers were arrested as of Jan. 29. Only 125 of those migrant children and 55 of those caregivers were arrested for alleged criminal activity, suggesting the majority were for immigration violations.

HHS referred questions about the figures in the reports to DHS, which did not respond to requests for comment about the data. However, Michelle Brané, who was a DHS official in the Biden administration, said the figures show that most of the arrests were to detain and deport migrants. Previously, the administration targeted parents and caregivers who had paid for children to cross the border, trying to levy smuggling charges against them.

“They have really dropped that pretense in a lot of ways, and they are going for anyone openly,” Brané said. “These numbers clearly reflect that this is not about public safety or about safety of the children.”

Case on Hold

Carlos left Venezuela in 2022 because of death threats and, like thousands of others fleeing that country, was granted what’s called temporary protected status under the Biden administration. That protection for most Venezuelans by the Trump administration.

In January 2025, days before Trump was sworn in for his second term, Carlos’ children crossed the border from Mexico to the U.S., turned themselves over to border authorities, and were immediately placed in the resettlement agency’s custody. Carlos spent months submitting paperwork to reunite with them. He said he’s their only parent, because their mother left when they were toddlers. 聽

Officials visited his home twice and determined he was fit to care for them, according to court documents petitioning for his release from detention. He passed DNA testing, proving he’s the biological father, one of his attorneys said. His arrest documents show he has “no criminal history.” In July, Carlos was told his reunification case was complete and being sent for approval. But then, with little explanation, the case was put on hold.

Before his arrest by ICE, Carlos said, he drove 14 hours each way from his home to visit his children. Once there, he could see them for only one hour. When he was in detention, he said, he spoke to them about every two weeks in quick, monitored phone calls.

He’s trying to stay hopeful, but it’s hard.

According to documents completed by ICE officers during his arrest and submitted in his court case, Carlos was arrested under an initiative called Operation Guardian Trace, which requires immigration officers to detain potential caregivers if they are in the country without legal authorization and recommend that they be deported.

“This operation is designed to force parents to make an impossible choice between reuniting with their children and seeking safety,” said one of Carlos’ attorneys, Chiqui Sanchez Kennedy of the Galveston-Houston Immigrant Representation Project, a nonprofit that helps low-income immigrants.

鈥業’m Going to Wait’

In March, a federal judge said officials had unlawfully detained Carlos and he was released on bond.

But his children still face an uncertain future for now. Government shelters often lack sufficient resources, , and social workers say lengthy stays in these facilities can result in additional trauma.

“Not only is it bad, full stop, but the longer you’re there, the worse it gets,” said Jonathan Beier, associate director of research and evaluation for the Acacia Center for Justice's Unaccompanied Children Program, which coordinates legal services for unaccompanied minors.

Carlos’ children could also be sent back to the country they fled. Because of his detention, Carlos will have to redo much of the process to reunite with them, according to an attorney for the children, Alexa Sendukas, also with the Galveston-Houston Immigrant Representation Project.

In statements shared through Sendukas, Carlos’ daughter said she no longer wants to be around others and spends most of the time in her room. His son, now 15, described having panic attacks and feeling that he’s missing out on life, whether it’s the opportunities he longs for 鈥� to learn English, to study science 鈥� or watching basketball with his family.

“I remember when I first arrived at this shelter, I was so hopeful and had faith that I would be reunited with my dad soon,” he said.

Carlos’ daughter spent the day crying in bed when the siblings learned their father had been detained. For days, they didn’t know where he was. Now, they fear the only way out is through adoption or foster care.

“I am afraid,” she said. “I’m going to wait for my dad forever.”

麻豆女优 Health News is a national newsroom that produces in-depth journalism about health issues and is one of the core operating programs at 麻豆女优鈥攁n independent source of health policy research, polling, and journalism. Learn more about .

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This story can be republished for free (details).